Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
Final review
25
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
05/05/2008

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
intermittent schedules
Definition

Ratio: number of responses occurring

 

interval: the first response after a certain amount of time has passed

Term

Fixed ratio scheldule (FR):

 

Definition

fixed, predictable, number of responses

 

* high rate of response

* short pause following each reinforcer

Term
post-reinforcement pauses
Definition
ex: you will probably take a longer break after completing a long assgn. than after completing a shorter one
Term
ratio-strain
Definition
burnout
Term
variable ratio schedule
Definition

varying, unpredictable, number of responses

 

* high and steady rate of response

* little or no post-reinforcer pausing (no break)

 

ex: golfing, fishing, hunting

* behaviors on this type of schedule tend to be very persistent

Term
variable ratio
Definition

VR

 

the # is the average

Term
fixed interval schedule (FI)
Definition

first response after a fixed, predictable period of time

 

ex: every 30 min exactly

Term
variable interval schedule (VI)
Definition

varying, unpredictable period of time

 

* a moderate steady rate of response with little to no post-reinforcement pause

Term
noncontingent reinforcement
Definition

the reinforcer is delivered independently of any response

* response not required for the reinforcer to be obtained

 

ex: gifts for no reason

Term
superstitious behavior
Definition
ex: rituals of gamblers, baseball players
Term
Premack Principle
Definition

states a high probablity behavior can be used to reinforce a low probability behavior

 

ex: hungry rat more likely to get on wheel to get food

Term
response deprivation hypothesis
Definition
when you restrict or reduce something wanted person willing to work to gain access
Term

Behavioral Bliss Point

Definition
the response deprivation hypothesis makes an assumption that there is an optimal or best level of behavior that person or animal tries to maintain
Term
extinction
Definition

nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response, the result of which is a decrease in the strength of that response

 

* you can use extinction as alternative to punishment

* difference b/w positive pun and extintion

pinch arm vs ignoring

Term

extinction burst

Definition
a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented
Term
resurgence
Definition
the reappearance during extinction of other behaviors that had once been effective in obtaining reinforcement
Term
resistence to extinction
Definition

the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

*affected by : schedule of reinforcement

Term
How to make extinction more effective
Definition
ignore unwanted behavior and add desired behavior
Term
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior ( DRO)
Definition
reinforcement of any behavior other than the target behavior that is being extinguished
Term
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)
Definition
reinforceing a behavior that is specifically incompatible with the target behavior
Term
Two types of negative punishment
Definition

 time out

 

response cost

Term
side effects of punishment
Definition

*does not teach the correct behavior, merely suppresses the incorrect behaviors

* person doing the punishing may become a discriminitive stimulus for punishment

* elicits a strong emotional response

*promotes aggression

Term
benefits of punishments
Definition
* can lead to unexpected improvement in mood
Term
Punishment
Definition
best if used with negative punishment and positive reinforcement
Term
noncontingent punishment
Definition

learned helplessness

 

* Masserman's Experimental Neurosis: an experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic like symptoms

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