Term
| 3 general conditions for interference |
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Definition
| tow or more interfering waves travel throguh different regions of space over at least part of teir propagation from source to destination :: the waves are brough together at a common point :: the waves must have the same frequency and a fixed phase relationship |
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Definition
| over a given distnace or time interval the phase difference bewteen the waves remains constant (coherent waves) |
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| ___ waves have a constant phase difference |
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Definition
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Term
| In a double slit interference pattern, what could "adjacent maxima" also be called? |
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Definition
| adjacent bright or dark fringes |
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Term
| Diffraction pattern from a single slit is viewed on a screen. would the central maximum be narrower or wider if red light is used instead of blue? |
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Definition
| wider - blue light is lower wavelength |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of coordinated axes that move at constant velocity relative to other inertial reference frams |
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Term
| the idea that laws of motionshould be the smae in all inertial reference frames is part of what theory of relativity? |
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Definition
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Term
| a lightbulb is connected to a 120V, 60Hz source. How many times per second does the current reverse direction? |
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Definition
60Hz = 60 oscillations/s ... 1 oscillation reverses twice (sin curve)
+120= 60 times
-120 = 60 times
120 times/sec |
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Term
| a european outlet supplies 220V at 50Hz. How many times/sec is the magnitude of the voltage equal to 220V? |
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Definition
50 oscillations/sec
+220 = 100 times
-220 = 100 times
200 times/sec |
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Term
| a spaceship traveling at 0.13c away from earth sends a radio transmission to earth. according to galilean relativity, at what speed would the transmission travel relative to earth? According to Einstein, at what speed does the transmission travel relative to earth? |
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Definition
Galilean .. c-0.13c = 0.87c
Einstein .. c - everything is at the speed of light |
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Term
| Phase change upon reflection occurs only when light comes from a material with a higher/lower index of refraction than the one it reflects off of. |
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Definition
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Term
| an inverted wave is equivalent to a ___ phase shift |
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Definition
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Term
| michelson interferometer: if the interference is constructive, the light intensity at the detector is ____, if the interference is destructive, the light intensity at the detector is ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| michelson interferometer: places where interference intesity is greatest is called ____, places where interference is zero are called ____. |
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Definition
| bright fringes, dark fringes |
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Term
| michelson interferometer: when the mirror is moved distance d, the distance traveled by the light changes by ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all points on a wave front can be thought of as new sources of spherical waves |
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Term
| Huygen's principle explains ___-slit interference |
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Definition
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Term
| in a diffraction grating, the width of the main peaks becomes wider/narrower as the number of slits increases |
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Definition
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Term
| rayleigh's criterion is used for? |
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Definition
| circular shaped apertures -- such as telescope lens |
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Term
| an inertial reference frame can be defined as one in which newton's ___ law holds. what implication does this create? |
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Definition
| firstwe can test for an inertial reference frame by observing the motion of a particle for which the total force is zero. |
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Term
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Definition
| measured by an observer at rest RELATIVE to the clock at hand... so if the clock is in motion, the person in motion has the proper time |
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Term
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Definition
| if a star is 8.6 light years (ly) from earth, then it takes the light from the star 8.6 years to travel to earth |
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Term
| according to time dilation, moving clocks move faster/slower than stationary clocks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mo - for mass mesasured by an observer who is moveing very slowly relative to the particle -- rest mass is larger than regular mass |
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Term
| noninertial reference frame |
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Definition
| has non-zero acceleration |
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Term
| General relativity is based on the equivalence principle, which states that? |
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Definition
| the effects of a uniform gravitational field are identical to motion with constant acceleration |
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Term
| the laws of physics are the same/differ in different inertial frames |
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Definition
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Term
| one consequence of the equivalence principle |
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Definition
| light rays are deflected by a gravitational field |
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Term
| properties of waves and particles in the quantum regime |
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Definition
| all objects can exhibit interference, all objects carry energy in discrete amounts called quanta |
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Term
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Definition
| ejection of electrons from a metal after absorbing energy from light |
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Term
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Definition
| energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase |
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Term
| Pauli exclusion principle |
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Definition
| each electron in an atom occupies a separate energy level and thus has a unique set of quantum numbers |
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Term
| as the quantum number "n" increases, the average distance from the electron to the nucleus increases/decreases |
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Definition
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Term
| n values are also called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the quantum number "l" is proportional to? |
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Definition
| the angular momentum of the electron |
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Term
quantum number "l":
l0 = s state
l1 = p state
l2 = d state
l3 = f state |
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Definition
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Term
| states with l=0 have ___ angular momentum |
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Definition
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Term
| quantum number "m" gives the direction of the ______ of the electron in a particular state |
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Definition
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Term
| each quantum state can be occupied by how many electrons? |
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Definition
| 1 (pauli exclusion principle) |
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Term
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Definition
| an attractive forece that acts between pairs of nuclei, responsible for the stability of the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| relative biological effectiveness |
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Term
| in ___ two nuclei join together to produce one new particle |
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Definition
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Term
| minimum amount of nuclear fuel material needed to sustain a chain reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| a reaction whose main produces are two nuclei both roughly half the size of the original parent nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| photoelectric effect: current is proportional to ____ |
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Definition
| intensity of light source |
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Term
| photoelectric effect: more photons yeild more ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| photoelectric effect: KE of photoelectrson does/doesn't depend on intensity of light source |
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Definition
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Term
| photoelectric effect: KE of photoelectrons is proportional to the ___ of the light source |
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Definition
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Term
| photoelectric effect: higher frequency photons impart more/less neergy |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ in nuclear reactions is always conserved |
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Definition
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Term
| for a nuclear reaction to occur spontaneously, the mass of the parts must be more/less than the mass of the whole |
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Definition
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