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Final
The Skin
26
Pathology
Graduate
04/26/2010

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the action of Uticaria (hives)
Definition
Mast cell degeneration, histamine-related pruritis, edema and wheal formation, angiodema possible
Term
What causes IgE independent Uticaria?
Definition
Usually chemical induced, opiates and antibiotics (penicillin)
Term
What is Hereditary angioneurotic edema?
Definition
Angiodema involving GI tract and larynx; 20-40 y.o.; lesions usually found on trunk, distal extremities and ears.
Term
Describe Acute eczematous Dermatitis. What are the 5 types of this condition?
Definition
psoriasis-like
5 types: Allergic contact-type IV hs.
Atopic
Drug-related eczematous
Photoeczematous
Primary irritant forms
Term
What are the 5 most common topicals causing allergic contact dermatitis?
Definition
-antimicrobial agents
-antihistamines
-local anesthetics
-preservatives
-adhesive type
Term
Describe the condition of Erythema multiforme.
Definition
-Target lesions
-Caused by drugs, infection or systemic disorders
-epidermal degeneration and necrosis
-Symmetric involvement of extremities
Term
What are some of the clinical features of Erythema multiforme?
Definition
-Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-TEN-toxic epidermal necrolysis
--clinically similar to 3rd degree burns
Term
What suggests that psoriasis is genetic and/or exogenous?
Definition
-associated with HLA
-Koebner phenomenon: new lesions at site of trauma
Term
What are some of the clinical findings of psoriasis?
Definition
-Pink plaques on elbows, scalp, lumbosacral, intergluteal cleft and glans penis
-silvery scaling
-Nail changes
Term
What is a life threatening form of psoriasis?
Definition
Pustular psoriasis
Term
What is dandruff and describe this condition.
Definition
-Seborrheic dermatitis
-More common than psoriasis; involves sebaceous glands (scalp, forehead, nasolabial folds and presternal folds)
-Yeast may be involved
-forms as macules and papules on yellow base
Term
WHat is lichen planus?
Definition
-self-limited disease
-Koebner phenomenon
-pruritic, purple papules
-Wickham striae
-found on wrists, elbows, and glans penis
Term
WHat causes lichen simplex chronicus?
Definition
repetitive trauma
Term
Describe Impetigo.
Definition
-caused by staph. or strep. infections
-found on face or hands
-presents as a honey-colored crust
Term
Can fungal infections be life-threatening?
Definition
Yes, ASPERILLIGUS in the immunosuppressed, but normally are superficial and Candida is the usual suspect.
Term
What are the 7 types of fungal infections?
Definition
-Tinea capitis
- " barba
- " corporis-ringworm
- " cruris-inguinal areas of obese men
- " pedis
- " versicolor
-Onycomycosis-nail dermatophytosis
Term
What are verrucae (warts)?
Definition
-caused by papilloma viruses and transmitted by direct contact
-There are 4 types:
vulgaris-dorsum of the hand
plana-face or dorsum of the hand
plantaris/palmaris
condylomata acumiatum-venereal warts
Term
What are three bullous disorders?
Definition
-Pemphigus
-bullous pemphigoid
-dermatitis herpetiformis
Term
Describe pemphigus and its two types.
Definition
-autoimmune disorder
-30-60 y.o.
-vulgaris; more common, affects oral mucosa, scalp, face axilla, groin, trunk, and pressure points; fatal if untreated
-foliaceus: rare and benign, affect face , scalp, and upper trunk
Term
Describe bullous pemphigoid.
Definition
-autoimmune
-elderly
-skin and mucosa
-do not rupture easily
-may heal without scarring (0 infection)
Term
WHat is dermatitis herpetifomis?
Definition
-Rare
-occurs in men
-associated with celiac disease
-lesions found on extensor surfaces, elbows, knees, upper back and buttocks
Term
Name and describe the benign tumors of the skin.
Definition
Seborrheic keratoses-affect trunk; paraneoplastic; coin-like plaques; mimic melanoma
sebaceous adenoma-affect head and neck; marks internal malignancy
actinic keratosis-premalignant lesion; d/t sun exposure; may undergo malignant transformation
Term
There are 2 malignant epidermal tumors not involving melanocytes, describe them.
Definition
-squamous cell carcinoma-most common of sun exposed skin; HPV may be involved; well-demarcated, red and scaling; prone to ulceration; leukoplakia.
-basal cell carcinoma; common; pearly papules; ulcerate-rodent ulcers.
Term
What are moles?
Definition
Melanocytic nevi are benign, common nevus
Term
What are dysplastic nevi?
Definition
-can be sporadic or familial
-sporadic has low risk of malignancy
-familial is precursor for melanoma
-hundreds of irregular macules
Term
Malignant melanoma
Definition
-common neoplasm
-lighter skin at more risk
-can be black, brown, red-blue or gray
-Watch for change of color
-extends horizontally
-Breslow thickness: determines metastasis
-Signs: mole enlargement
itching/pain of mole
new lesion in adult life
irregular borders
variegation of color
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