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        New ideas; borrowed program music change compositional language vertical lines of music like a cage assymmetry |  
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        | How do you organize atonal music? |  
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        timbre borrowed form rhythmic repetition text choreography |  
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        | Schoenberg's two students |  
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        brief pieces due to lack of repetition expert audience |  
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        | "Extension of serial treatments to parameters beyond pitch" using rhythmic durations, articulation, instrumentation |  
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        Government attempt to shape art vague; working class; portray spirit/power |  
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        | Who is the author and composer of Pulcinella-Serenata Largo? |  
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        Stravinsky Couperin Perogolesi |  
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        patriotic simplistic, easy melody, defined phrases |  
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        | Copland; programmatic ballet |  
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        | Soldiers home from war sought free education; institutions of higher education; new universities and faculty |  
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        | Optimism in Post WWII America |  
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        America as chief military power economic boom increase in marriage, fertility rates higher standard of living |  
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        | Anxiety in Post WWII America |  
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        Atomic bomb (Russian military powers) fake 200 member communist list in gov |  
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        Penderecki; response to Hiroshima; hymn/memorial experimental technique; musical horror |  
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        | Louvin Brothers; Advent of nuclear apocalypse |  
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        | white family man; spawned civil rights movement |  
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        | Steve Riech; Response to Holocaust and Genocide |  
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        | Varese; magnetic tape, tool for new sound |  
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        | Legacy of Webern; integral/total serialism |  
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        | "3 Compositions for Piano" |  
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        | veteran; music = science; research music |  
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        | "Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano" |  
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        Saught freedom aleatoric gave up control (4:33) |  
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        | minimal change over a period of time; music slowly breaks apart |  
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        | "On the Transmigration of Souls" |  
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        | John Adams; programmatic reference |  
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        | What is music? What should it do? |  
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        | Transform suffering into beauty; Freedom of the mind, real-time art |  
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        | "From Hanover Square North at the End of a Tragic Day, the Voice of the People Again was Heard" |  
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        | Ives; Lusitania Submarine sunk with 1,260 dead; theme "on the sweet bye and bye" |  
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        | Reverse of theme and variations; theme develops are introduced throughout the piece |  
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