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Final
Final prep
21
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
04/29/2007

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
How do the meanings and metaphors human beings attribute to violence shape whether or not, and how, they engage in violent conflict?
Definition
-People construct systems of meaning to justify violent conflict and distance themselves from its consequences suggest it isn’t a natural aggressive impulse – acts of collective violence are rationalized as purposeful not as evidence of cruelty.
Term
What types of social conflict were discussed in class?
Interpersonal
Collective
Genocide
Definition
-ranges from arguments to murder
-Banditry, feuding, ethnic conflict, revolution, genocide, war,ethnocide (socially patterned conflicts)
-intentional murder of a group based on ethnicity/race
Term
how do societies create BIAS TOWARD violent conflict
Definition
-protection/acquisition of scarce resources (Yanamamo)(Darfur, Sudan)
-rewards of status and rank(Kiowa)
-defense of honor/pursuit of revenge (Kohistani)
-struggle b/w good vs. evil
Term
Ways people create BIAS AGAINST collective violence
Definition
-Value sharing and cooperation (Semai)
-value non-aggressive behavior (inuit)
-build relations of dependence(Xinguanos)
-engage in collective behaviors promoting harmony (Ju/Wasi)
Term
How do nuclear defense intellectuals justify their work
Definition
-claim anarchy characterizes international relations
-Assume states must rely on self-help to protect themselves, because no one else is going to help them.
-ultimate form of self-help, because they vastly increase the cost of aggression against them.
-relatively little can be done in the short term to change the anarchistic nature of the international system.
Term
technostrategic
Definition
-It is the language (metaphors/euphemisms) that nuclear scientists use when talking about nuclear destruction to distance themselves from the consequences of the actions they are planning.
Term
Why and how do cultures change
Definition
-Internal (invention)
-External (cultural diffusion)
Term
Diffusion
Definition
-Cultural borrowing through contact
-3 forms: direct, forced, indirect
Term
Acculturation
Definition
-The exchange of cultural features through continuous firsthand contact
Term
2 extremes of acculturation:
Assimilation
Syncretism
Definition
-Assimilation- one culture becomes entirely incorporated into another culture (melting pot model, instead of cultural pluralism)
Syncretism- mixing of elements from 2 or more traditions to create a cultural blend ( religious mixtures like PNG cargo cults)
Term
What is “world-systems theory
Definition
capitalism began to incorporate other regions and peoples into one world system;
linked economically, not politically.
Term
What three parts make up the world system
Definition
-Core: most dominant; dominant economy and military; more political say (U.S.).
-Semi-periphery – middle ground (Brazil)
-Periphery: least dominant; cheap labor (Papua New Guinea)
Term
What are colonialism and neocolonialism
Definition
-Colonialism: political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time.
-Neocolonialism: persistence of these ties after political sovereignty
Term
What is globalization
Definition
intensifying flow of capital, goods, ideas, images, and people around the world. Accelerating interdependence of nations in a world system linked through trade, mass media, modern transportation and cultural exchange.
Term
Socialization
Definition
is the process by which humans or animals learn the values, norms and culture of their particular society. They learn to conform to the way of life in their society.
Term
Enculturation
Definition
the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values
Term
Phonology
Definition
sound changes
Term
Morphology
Definition
a study and description of word formation
- how we make words from pieces (dog/s)
Term
Lexicon
Definition
vocabulary of language
Term
Syntax
Definition
the way we put words together to make a sentence
Term
What are pidgin and creole languages
Definition
pidgin-a simplified speech used for communication between people with different languages
creole-a pidgin that evolves into a complex language and is transmitted to
children --- English + Papua Language = Tok pisin --- French + West African
language = Patwa
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