Term
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Definition
low confining Pressure
low Temperature
Typically shallow crust
high strain rate
low water content |
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Term
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Definition
high confining Pressure
high Temperature
Typically deep crust
low strain rate
high water content |
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Term
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Definition
Footwall moves up
drops young rock on top of older rocks
Divergent boundaries
rift zones |
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Term
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Definition
Footwall moves down
puts older rocks on top of young rocks
convergent boundaries |
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Term
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Definition
| gravitational balance to determine elevation of icebergs depending on density and thickness |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure at various points is equal, so, crust types must have different densities and volumes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tall and steep
alternating layers of ejected material
vent filled with rock fragments |
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Term
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Definition
Tall and steep
layers of pyroclastic and lava flow
vent filled with material from previous eruption |
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Term
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Definition
Large crater at the top
Lave dome inside the crater |
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Term
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Definition
Upwelling of mantle
Produces new oceanic crust
Basaltic volcanoes
Small, shallow earthquakes
Normal faults
High heat flow
Tensional stress
Basaltic Volcanoes |
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Term
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Definition
Explosive, andesitic volcanoes
Intrusive granite at depth
Compressive stress
Large, shallow to deep earthquakes
Metamorphism, folds, thrust faults
Basalt, Andesite, and Rhyolite Volcanoes |
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Term
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Definition
No igneous activity
No metamorphism
Large, shallow earthquakes
Strike-slip faults
Shear stress |
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Term
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Definition
| mountain building process of folding, faulting, magmatism, and metamorphism |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical motions of largely flat-lying rocks without faulting or significant folding |
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Term
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Definition
| One event or object in relation to another; which came first |
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Term
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Definition
| number of years that have passes from the event until now |
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Term
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Definition
| new rocks on top of older rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| sediment originally deposited in horizontal beds |
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Term
| Cross-Cutting Relationship |
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Definition
| features that cut through rock must be younger than the rock they cut through |
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Term
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Definition
| objects enclosed in rock must be older than the rock formation |
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Term
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Definition
| layers are continuous until encountering an obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| layers of sedimentary rock contain fossils in a definite sequence |
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Term
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Definition
Low viscosity
Mafic
1000 to 1200 degrees
Quick, large flow
Rarely explosive
Hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid basalt lava with high gas content |
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Term
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Definition
| viscous basalt lava that breaks as it flows. crumbly |
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Term
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Definition
intermediate in viscosity and composition between mafic and felsic magmas
Mt St Helens
Krakatoa |
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Term
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Definition
| hot, gas-charged magma encounters groundwater causing steam explosion |
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Term
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Definition
high viscosity
felsic
low temperature
most explosive of all
Yellowstone |
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Term
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Definition
collapse of a volcanic structure leaving a large depression
Typically fills with water |
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Term
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Definition
| Material from the volcanic vent erodes more slowly than the volcano, leaving tall, thin, rock formations in otherwise flat terrain |
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Term
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Definition
| eruption from a vertical crack in the earth's surface rather than the central volcano |
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Term
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Definition
increasing:
Slate - fine grain, low T
Phyllite
Schist
Gneiss
Migmatite |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
physically transported fragments produced from weathering of rocks
sandstone
shale |
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Term
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Definition
direct, chemical deposition
typically marine
limestone, evaporate |
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Term
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Definition
| low silica content = high weathering |
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Term
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Definition
raise temperature
decrease pressure
add water |
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Term
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Definition
Iron
Silicon
Oxygen
Magnesium
Aluminum
Calcium
Nickel
Sulfer |
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Term
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Definition
| 4.6 Ga known from meteors and the moon |
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Term
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Definition
less viscous
lower silica content
nonviolent eruptions
high in heavy elements
dark in color
Basalt and Gabbro |
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Term
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Definition
High in silica
composed of lighter elements
light in color
granite |
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