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Definition
| one who studies population |
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| Natural changes in population |
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Definition
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| relocation from other areas |
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| China - high birth/low death |
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Definition
| natural increase between births & deaths |
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Definition
| birth & death more balanced |
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Definition
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Definition
doubling at each stage
2,4,8,16,32 |
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Definition
steady/constant increase
2,4,6,8,10 |
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Definition
if 10% annual increase - population would double every 7 years
if 2% increase - double every 35 years |
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| Rule of 70 (economic principle) |
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Definition
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Term
population densities -what is it?
4 types |
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Definition
concentration of population
Arithmetic
Physiological
Urban
Rural |
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Definition
| total pop. / total area (sq mile) |
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| total pop / available cultivable land |
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Definition
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Definition
| total pop / land under cultivation |
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Term
World population distribution
major clusters 3
minor clusters 2 |
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Definition
maj. - eastern asia/china, south asia/india , europe
minor - east & central no. america, southeast asia |
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Term
| Where is most of the population contained? |
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Definition
| middle lattitude sections - moderate cllimate |
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Term
| largest populated area in US |
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Definition
| Bos-Was corridor or megalopolis |
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Term
Thomas Malthus
Malthusian concept |
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Definition
british economist
1. population increases exponentially
2. food supply increases arithmetically
3. population controlled by war, famine & disease
*pop is increasing faster than food supply |
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Definition
used by the russians
burnt land as they retreated from attack |
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| "black death" killed 2/3 of european population |
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Definition
makeup of population - age & sex
illustrated by population pyramids |
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Term
| Population Changes - Increases -3 |
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Definition
1. agricultural revolution- contributed to increased food supplies because of improved techniques
2. Industrial revolution - improved sanitation, medical technology
3. Immigration |
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Term
| Population Changes - decreases - 5 |
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Definition
1. war
2. famine
3. disease
4. natural disaster
5. emigration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.voluntary (italy - conn.)
2. involuntary ( slaves from africa)
3. internal (hamden to madison)
4. international ( montreal to iowa) |
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Term
out migration
in migration |
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Definition
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Term
| demographic transition (concepts of population) |
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Definition
| sequence of change over time |
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Term
| Stages of demographic transition -4 |
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Definition
1.high stationary phase- birth & death rates high - population remains low
2.early expanding - high birth /decrease in deaths -population increase
3. late expanding - death rate at low level; reduction in births - population increases slowly
4. low stationary - birth & death rates stable - population remains stationary |
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Term
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Definition
patterns of learned human behavior that form a durable template by which ideas & images can be transformed from 1 generation to another.
*Culture is'nt biologically transmitted |
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Definition
| official language of a country - not always the language of the people |
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Definition
| a composite of "man-made" features or surface of earth as modified by human activity |
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Definition
| locations where a particular population developed an area of power (sphere of influence) |
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Definition
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Definition
A. Agricultural - iran, iraq, india,mexico
B. Urban
C. Religious - Christianity, Islam, Buddhism |
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Term
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Definition
1. Fertile Crescent - land between Tigris & Euphrates
2. Nile river valley
3.Indus river system
4. Hwang-Ho valley in No. China |
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Term
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Definition
1. Paleolithic period
2. mesolithic
3.neolithic |
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Term
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Definition
old stone age culture
invented tools, animal skins for clothes, hunted big & small game, art & religion developed
*climatic changes produced cultural diversity |
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Definition
middle stone age
domestication of plants & animals
shift from food gathering to food producing
sedentary agricultural societies |
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Definition
new stone age
*developed new toos & technology based on sedentary agriculture
*diversification of activity - weaving, mining, brick making
*development of complex stratified societies - classes developed (rulers, military,peasants)
*more diverse-not just hunter/gatherer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Components of culture (Huxleys cultrural model) - 3 |
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Definition
1. menifacts-most central & durable cultural elements - language
2. sociofacts - linkages between individuals & groups
3. artifacts - material goods |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which culture changed substantially through interaction with another culture which is more dominant |
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Definition
1. Innovation - technology
2.diffusion - spreadout |
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Term
| Environmental determinism |
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Definition
"tell me where you live and I will tell you what you are"
determines how one lives according to climate |
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Term
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Definition
| possibilities & opportunities to decide how to live |
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Term
Stage of Development -4
(Human, Cultural, Economic) |
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Definition
1. hunting & gathering-live on what is available- moves on when depleated
2. herding - animals deplete resourses & than tribe moves on
a. subsistence herding - provide for
own need
b. commercial herding -provide for
profit
3.Agricultural - subsistance - high labor - intensive
commercial - plantations, large farms, extensive - less manual labor;more mechanical
4. Urban-large population, developed technology, capital available for development, most advanced level |
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Term
| Swidden or slash & burn or milpa agriculture |
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Definition
| crop production of forest clearings kept in cultivation until their quickly declining fertility is lost. Cleared plots are than abandoned and new sites prepared |
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Term
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Definition
| water soaks down through soil & disolves minerals- creates unfertile soil |
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Term
| Each stage of Development represents increasing complexity of: 4 |
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Definition
1. material goods
2. social organization
3.increase ability to support high population densities
4. greater interference with the natural environment |
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Term
| Categories of economic activity -4 |
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Definition
1. primary -harvest or extract - taking form the ground
2. secondary - add value by changing form orcombining things into a more useful commodity - manufacturing
3.Tertiary - provide service to primary & secondary activities and goods & services to the individual & community
4. quaternary - services rendered by proffessionals working in education, government |
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Term
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Definition
1. language
2. social organization
3. technology
4. biological characteristics |
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