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weak between electro negative atoms and hydrogens bonded to O, N, or F |
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| water's high surface tension, low vapor pressure, high specific heat capacity, high heat capacity, and a high boiling point |
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| amount of energy it takes to vaporize 1 g of something |
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| amount of energy needed to freeze one g of something |
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when stuff dissolves Things split apart some ionic compounds won't split because the attractions between the ions is too strong |
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| when dissolved in water or melted, it conducts electricity |
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organic acids and bases HgCL2 |
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inorganic acids and bases NaOH |
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liquid in gas colloid arisol |
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particles, small, .1-1nm, ions, atoms, etc no scattering of light does not separate nonfilterable homogenous |
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large molecules or particles 1-100 nm tyndall effect doesn't separate non-filterable borderline homo/hetero (bi) |
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| suspension characteristics |
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large particles or aggregates 100 nm or larger gives tundal effect separates filterable heterogeneous |
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water in a crystal salt-dot-number of water-water CuSO4 dot 5 H2O |
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pulls water out of the air |
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| pull so much water out of the air that they form solutions |
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| things that affect how fast shit dissolves |
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| agitation, tempurature, size of particles |
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| solution with the maximum amount of solute in it at a given tempurature |
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| how much solute it takes to hit saturation |
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| when two liquids can mix into eachother |
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the solubility of a gas (S) is direcrtly proportional to the pressure of gas above the liquid (P) s1/p1=s2/p2 |
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| when a solution has more solute than it should |
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| # of moles in 1 L of solution |
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trying to turn a solution less concentrated M1xV1=M2xV2 |
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| volume of solute/volume of solutionx100% |
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| mass solute(g)/solution volume (ml) x 100 |
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| lowwer vapor pressure, higher boiling point, lowwer freezng point |
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| difference between the boiling point of a solution and a pure solvent |
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| freezing point depression |
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| difference between freezing temp of solution and pure solvent |
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little m moles solute/kg solvent |
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| mols solute/both solute and solvent |
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| molar concentration of solution |
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| reactions happen when things hit each other hard enough and at the right angle |
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| minimum energy particles must have to react |
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| things that affect reaction rates |
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| temp, concentration, particle size, catalist |
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| something which interferes with the work of a catalyst |
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| when the forward and reverse reactions are going at the same rate |
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it goes to the side with more moles of gas (I may die later) |
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| when you put stress on a system (more reactants) it'll it'll move |
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| energy avalible to do work |
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| an equation that naturally favors reactants |
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| shit gets more disordered |
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| keq=([c]^cx[d]^d)/([a]^ax[b]^b) |
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spontinaity prod-spontinaity reac if more than one whatevs, times |
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