Term
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Definition
Liver:
• Centrilobular Necrosis
• Fatty liver(steatosis)
• Cirrhosis
• Destroy P450 by destroying haem moiety
• Neoplasia
• Fibrosis
• Non mutagenic carcinogen |
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Liver:
• Necrosis
• Fatty Liver(steatosis) |
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Liver:
• Necrosis
• Hepatocellular neoplasia
• Tumors/neoplasia
• Direct mutagen for carcinomas |
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Definition
Liver:
• Necrosis
• Steatosis
• Heptaoceullar neoplasia
• Canalicular cholestasis
• Fibrosis
• Dec heart contractility by interfering with Ca binding troponin |
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Definition
Liver:
• Midzonal Necrosis
• Attack Kupffer cells, Ito, and endothelial cells |
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Liver:
• Periportal Necrosis |
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Definition
Liver:
• Necrosis
• Depletes GSH directly producing oxygen |
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Liver:
• Water accumulation in hepatocytes(hydropic degeneration) > failure of sodium balance
• Suicidal inactivation of P450 via reacting with detox enzymes
Cardio:
• artherosclerosis |
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Definition
Liver:
• (gerbils) cirrhosis after repeat insults; mimics human secondary haemchromatosis
• Hepatocyte death |
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Definition
Liver:
• Initally attack Kupffer cells
• Attacks Ito and endothelial cells |
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Definition
Liver:
• Water accumulation
• Steatosis
• Non mutagenic carcinogen |
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Definition
Liver:
• Centrilobular necrosis |
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Definition
Liver:
• Centrilobular necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
Liver:
• Centrilobular necrosis |
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Liver
• Acute toxic porphyria
Dermal:
• Photosensitivity
• Biosynthetic pathway of heme is disrupted
• Porphyrin pre-cursors accumulate→fluoresce when exposed to UV |
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Definition
Liver
• Neoplasia
Kidney:
• Metabolized to phosgene
• Necrosis of PCT epithelium
• Chronic leads to tumors
Cardio
• Suppresses SA node
• Sensitizes heart to adrenaline by reducing refractory period of Purkinjie
• Tachycardia
• Arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
Liver
• Neoplasia
• Cirrhosis
• Vascular disorder
• Steatosis
• Hemorrhagic necrosis
Lungs
• Necrosis > cell proliferation > thickening of vasculature
• Hypertension |
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Liver
• Hepatocyte death
• Vascular disoders |
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Definition
Liver
• Canalicular cholestasis |
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Term
| aminoaryl niroaryl axoaryly |
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Liver
• Non mutagenic carcinogen |
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Definition
Liver
• Non mutagenic carcinogen
Neuro:
• Acts on GABA receptor (stops inhibitory mechanism of GABA)
• Prevents chloride ions from entering neurons > tremors and convulsions |
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Definition
Liver
• Non mutagenic carcinogen |
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Definition
Liver
• Non mutagenic carcinogen |
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Definition
Kidney:
• Necrosis in PCT
• Alters Calcium homeostasis
• Inhibits cellular func by reacting with thiols in proteins
• Glomerulonephritis
• Chronic leads to tumors |
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Definition
Kidney:
Cardio:
• Hypertrophy
• hypertensions |
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Definition
Kidney:
• Acute necrosis of PCT |
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Term
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Definition
Kidney:
• Intranuclear inclusion bodies
Cardio:
• Variety of degenerative changes in heart (cardiomyopathies)
Neuro:
• Peripheral neuropathy via attacking myelin
• Learning deficits & dementia
• Encephalopathy |
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Term
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Definition
Kidney:
• Lesions in the PCT |
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Term
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Definition
Kidney:
• Excessive accumulation of proteins(hyaline droplets) in epithelial of PCT
• Renal adenomas
• Necrosis with regeneration
• Binds to alpha 2 globulins |
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Term
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Definition
Kidney:
• Accum in lyso
• Phospholipidosis
• Mito damage
• Tubular necrosis
Cardio:
• Inhibit Ca channels (slow inward movement)
• Inhibits uptake and binding of Ca at sarcolemmal sites |
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Definition
Kidney:
• Redox cycling > lipid peroxidation |
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Lungs:
• Bronchoconstriction |
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Definition
Lungs:
• Bronchoconstriction |
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Lungs:
• Bronchoconstriction
• Type 1 and 2 damage
• Damage to capillaries
• Necrosis of term bronchioles
• Alveolar and interstitial edema
• Fibroblasts and collagen syn
• Intraalveolar fibrosis |
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Definition
Lungs:
• Type I damage
• Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type 2
• Interstitial thickening
• Inflammation and alveolar edema |
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Definition
Lungs:
• Brochiolar necrosis
• Chronic fibrosis |
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Definition
Lungs:
• Alveolar and interstitial edema
• Proliferation of fibroblasts
• Metal complex leads to ROS and DNA damage |
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Lungs:
• Sm. Muscle spasms |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Opens Na channels |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Blocks Na Channels |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Blocks Na channels
Neuro:
• Blocks Na channels at presynaptic cleft
• paralysis |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Blocks Na channels |
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Cardio:
• Blocks Ca channels |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Dec heart contractility by interfering with Ca binding to troponin
Isopropyl |
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Definition
Cardio:
• blocks reuptake of catecholamines
• inc heart rate and BP
• sympathetic stim
• cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest
• Arrhythmias
• Myocardial Ischemia
• Hypertension
• CHF
• Inhibits Na channels- local anesthetic
• Inc refractory period
• Dec depolarization
• Ventricular fibrillations
• Myocyte necrosis(Myocardial Infarction)
Neuro:
• Blocks reuptake of catecholamines at axon terminals
• Paralysis and Eurphoria |
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Term
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Definition
Cardio:
• Artherosclerosis
• Tachycardia
• DEATH |
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Term
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Definition
Cardio:
• Vascular spasms and BP
• methemoglobin |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Cardio:
• Hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
Cardio:
• Hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Disrupt membrane ion transport in nerve axons
• Prolong Na reflux and may block inhibitory pathways(pyrethroids)
• Hyperexcitablity in and convulsions in insects; whole body tremors in mammals (type1)
• Ataxia and incoordination in insects and paresthesias in humans(type 2) |
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Term
| cyclodienes(deldrin aldrin. chlordane) |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Acts on GABA receptor (stops inhibitory mechanism of GABA)
• Prevents chloride ions from entering neurons > tremors and convulsions |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Acts on Na channel to cause “leakage” of Na ions
• DDT Jitters> neuron fires impulses> muscle twitches> convulsions & death |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Binds to tubules and stabilizes them preventing polymerization
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Stabilizes microtubules preventing disassociation |
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Definition
Neuro:
• At axon terminals binds to nicotinic receptors> inc in HR and BP |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Attacks soma
• Dec in glycolysis, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis
• Dementia, retardation, paralysis
• Diffused encephalopathy |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Presynaptic cleft: blocks liberation of Ach > paralysis
• Breaks down SNARE complex at presynaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• At presynaptic terminal: interrupts fusion of vesicle to terminal wall
• Paralysis |
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Definition
Neuro:
• At presynapse: blocks Ach entering vesicles> no release of NT
• Paralysis |
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Definition
Neuro:
• At presynaptic cleft: blocking choline reuptake> preventing transmission
• Paralysis |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Blocks muscarinic receptors
• Restlessness, irritability, hallucinogenicity |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Blocks muscarinic receptors
• Restlessness, irritability, hallucinogenicity |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Binds to postsynaptic Ach receptor> prevents depolarization
• Respiratory failure & paralysis |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Attack myelin at Schwan cells>demyelination>paralysis
• Myelinopathy |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Encephalopathy with neurofibrillary degeneration via abnormal accumulation of neurofilaments and perinuclear region of neuron
• Alzheimer’s and dementia |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Contaminant in synthetic heroin
• Metabolized to MPP+ in astrocytes→neurotoxic to dopamine neuron
• Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Decrease long and large diameter axons CNS & PNS→OPIDN |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Reacts with amino groups to form pyrroles
• Attacks neurofilaments causing swelling in distal axons
• Transport is obstructed and degeneration occurs
• “stocking and glove”→sensory loss of peripheral areas |
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Term
| vincristine & viniva(plant alkyloids |
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Definition
Neuro:
• Peripheral neuropathies by depolymerizing tubules causing axonopathies |
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Term
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Definition
Neuro:
• Peripheral neuropathies by depolymerizing tubules causing axonopathies
• Binds to tubulin monomers preventing association into tubules |
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Definition
Neuro
• Causes intramyelinic edema
• Myelinopathy |
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Definition
Neuro
• Accumulate outside the cells causing Ca to enter and cause neuronal damage→death
• Targets neuronal and glial membranes |
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