Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final test
All questions
88
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 2
12/05/2012

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
In early england, the comes stabuli were non-uniformed mounted law enforcement officers. Though small and un-organized, they utilized local resources to:
Definition
Form posses
Term
The magna carta of 1215 gave people certain rights. The most significant right was:
Definition
Due process
Term
The Bow Street Runners were an organized English police unit and were formed by:
Definition
Henry fielding
Term
The New police, also known as the Metropolitan Police was formed by ____ and the members were known as _____.
Definition
Sir Robert Peel and Bobbies
Term
The statute of Winchester, written in 1285 created what was known as the "watch an Ward System" in English cities and towns and also codified early police practices
Definition
Truw
Term
In early America During the frontier period, vigilantism was common. As discussed in class, vigilantism is the act of taking the law into ones own hands. Latin term is ___ means Law of Retaliation.
Definition
Lex Talionis
Term
When did police reform become intensive?
Definition
1900
Term
The Wickersham commission in 1931 issued a finding that indicated prohibition was ____ and also carried great potential for ______.
Definition
Unenforceable and police corruption
Term
When discussing scientific police management, it is understood it was a study of police administration for these purposes?
Definition
Increase effectiveness, reduce the frequency of citizen cmplaints, Enhance the efficient use of resources.
Term
____ is a strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the application of scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques, which was the outcome of the KC experiment.
Definition
Directed patrol
Term
Crime, is a working definition for our class: Conduct in violation of criminal laws of a State, Federal Gov't or local jurisdiction, For which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Definition
true
Term
Individual rights are those rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution to all members of society. Most importantly the first 10 amendments, known as the "Bill of rights" is most important to:
Definition
Defendants facing formal processing in the CJ system.
Term
The U.s. Patriot Act of 2001, was federal legislation providing appropriate tools required to intercept and obstruct terrorism acts. Additionally, it substantially ____ the investigative authority of Law Enforcement agencies.
Definition
Broadened
Term
Individual rights advocate is a person or group that seeks to protect personal freedoms within the CJ system.
Definition
True
Term
The public order advocate believes that when there is a criminal threat to society the interests of society should NOT take precedence over individual rights.
Definition
False
Term
Justice, as a working definition , is the principle of fairness and the ideal of ____ equity.
Definition
moral
Term
CJ is the ____ of criminal procedure and an array of procedures and activities having to do with enforcement.
Definition
law
Term
Civil justice is the law of civil procedure and array of procedures and activities having to do with ____ rights and remedies sought by a civil action.
Definition
private
Term
___ is the ultimate goal of CJ.
Definition
Justice
Term
The administration of justice includes the performance of many activities. As discussed in class, they include these.
Definition
Detection and apprehension, Detention; pre and post trial release, Prosecution and adjudication, Correctional supervision and rehabilitation.
Term
In the ___ model, being a criminal justice perspective, it is assumed that the systems sub groups work harmoniously to achieve a social product called justice.
Definition
Consensus
Term
Opposite of criminal perspective model, this model assumes that the system sub groups function to primarily serve their own interests.
Definition
Conflict
Term
A warrant is a writ issued by a judicial officer(judge) and:
Definition
It directs a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act, and it affords protection from damages.
Term
Bail (Bond) is money r property pledged to the court to effect the release of a person from:
Definition
Legal custody
Term
An ______ is a court appearance where the identity of a defendant is established, defendant is informed of their rights and requires a plea to be entered.
Definition
Arraignment
Term
An indictment is a formal, Written accusation submitted to the court by:
Definition
Grand jury
Term
An information, also a formal written accusation, is presented to the court by:
Definition
Prosecutor
Term
A Grand jury is a group of jurors who have been selected and sworn to hear evidence and must determine:
Definition
Whether There is sufficient evidence to bring the accused to trial
Term
Due process is a right guaranteed by the ____, _____ and 14th amendments. This process is for the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established for the protection of individual rights.
Definition
5th and 6th amendments
Term
Which model emphasized individual rights at all stages of the justice system, as opposed to arrests and efficient convictions?
Definition
Due process model
Term
There are ___ parts to the uniform crime report.
Definition
2
Term
Part one of the U.C.R. has how many offenses listed?
Definition
8
Term
Part two of the U.C.R. deals with lessor offenses and
Definition
Arrests
Term
A clearance rate is a measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes:
Definition
Solved through arrest or other means
Term
What is problematic with the Uniform Crime Reporting system?
Definition
The Hierarchy rule
Term
The National incident based reporting system (NIBRS) is an innovative means to replace UCR. As NIBRS collects data on every single crime occurrence, it eliminates
Definition
The hierarchy rule
Term
The CJ system is an aggregate of all operating and administrative or support agencies composed of sun-groups. These Sub-groups include all of the following:
Definition
Corrections, Law Enforcement, and courts.
Term
Law, as discussed in class is defined as a rule of conduct, generally found enacted in the form of a statute that proscribes or mandates certain forms of behavior.
Definition
True
Term
____ are written or codified laws, as enacted by a Gov't body or agency having the power to make laws. Also known as "Law on the books"
Definition
Statutory law
Term
The Written, organized and compiled form of the criminal laws of a jurisdiction is known as
Definition
Penal code
Term
_____ is the body of judicial precedent, which is past interpretations of statutory law which serve as a guide to decision making.
Definition
Case law
Term
This type of law originated from usage and custom, rather than from written statues. Developed from English courts, It was based on non-statutory customs, Traditions are precedents that help guide judicial decision making.
Definition
Common law
Term
An Orderly society must be governed by established principles and codes that are applied uniformly and fairly to all of its members. This is known as:
Definition
Rule of law
Term
Jurisprudence is known as:
Definition
The philosophy of law
Term
Criminal law is the branch of modern Gov't that concerns itself with offenses committed against society and:
Definition
Its members, their property, Social order.
Term
This is the part of law that defines crimes and specifies punishments.
Definition
Substantive criminal law
Term
Procedural law is the part of law that specifies how criminal trials are conducted.
Definition
False
Term
What governs relationships between parties?
Definition
Civil law
Term
Which best describes a lawsuit filed by one or more people on behalf of themselves and a larger group of people who are "similarly situated"
Definition
Class action lawsuit
Term
During a lawsuit, what type of damages are typically requested or awarded?
Definition
Punitive and compensatory
Term
What best describes a legal principle that ensures previous judicial decisions are considered and incorporated into futures cases?
Definition
Precedent
Term
Felonies are a criminal offense that is punishable by death or incarceration in prison facility for:
Definition
At least one year.
Term
A misdemeanor is a criminal offense punishable by incarceration in a prison facility for a typical period of a year or less.
Definition
False
Term
An infraction is a minor violation of a state statue or a local ordinance punishable by a fine or other penalty.
Definition
True
Term
An _____ is an offense not yet completed and/or consists of actions or conduct that is a step toward completion.
Definition
Inchoate
Term
"Actus Reus" Is a violation of the law and:
Definition
Also known as a guilty act
Term
"Mens Rea" is the state of mind that accompanies a criminal act and is known as "guilty mind"
Definition
True
Term
"Ex post facto" is best defined as a constitutional prohibition of enactment of laws, punishable as crimes after the crime was committed.
Definition
True
Term
"Corpus Delicti" is
Definition
Facts that show a crime has been committed.
Term
The M'Naghten rule is used for determining insanity of a defendant. There are 2 questions that must be decided upon. One is Whether the defendant knew what they were doing and the second question would be if the defendant knew:
Definition
If what they were doing was wrong.
Term
If a person is deemed incompetent to stand trial, the court must make a finding that as a result of mental illness, defect or disability the defendant is:
Definition
Incapable of understanding the charges against them, incapable of consulting with an attorney, and incapable of aiding in their own defense.
Term
Discussed in class, juvenile offenders account for _____ of violent crimes and ____ of property.
Definition
15 and 30%
Term
During the earliest times of juvenile justice, there was no preferential treatment given to juveniles. Additionally, there was _____ distinction made between criminality and delinquency.
Definition
Little
Term
The Chicago reform school was a product of the child savers movement, these schools emphasized 2 main philosophies. One such philosophy was traditional family values and the other was:
Definition
Hard work
Term
"Parens Patriae" is common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and take custody of a child when:
Definition
Child becomes delinquent, Aandoned and the child is in need of care that parents are unable or unwilling to provide.
Term
A delinquent child is a child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a crime if:
Definition
The child were an adult.
Term
An abused child is a child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused. Also a child may be deemed abused if:
Definition
The child is forced into delinquent activity by a parent or guardian.
Term
A ______ is a document that is filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, status offender or dependent child and asking the court to assume jurisdiction to transferred to criminal court to be prosecuted as an adult.
Definition
Juvenile Petition
Term
Intake is the ____ step in decision making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law or could otherwise cause a juvenile court to assume jurisdiction.
Definition
First
Term
An Adjudicatory hearing is a fact finding process where the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in the petition.
Definition
True
Term
Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which the juvenile is judged and sentenced by a jury of their peers.
Definition
True
Term
This is the scientific study of crime victims and the victimization process.
Definition
Victimology
Term
This is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime, in addition to the rehabilitation ad punishment of offenders.
Definition
Criminology
Term
The existence within one society of diverse groups, who maintain their unique cultural identities while frequently accepting and participating in the lager societies legal and political system is:
Definition
Multiculturalism
Term
Deviance is a violation of social norms that define appropriate or proper behavior. it doesnt often include criminal acts.
Definition
False
Term
This is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain and ultimately control some class of events.
Definition
Theory
Term
A hypothesis is an explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by:
Definition
Further investigation
Term
The use of standardized and systematic procedure in the search for knowledge is known as:
Definition
Research
Term
The classical school is an approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility. Also a belief is that for punishment to be an effective deterrent, it has to outweigh the potential pleasure derived from the criminal behavior.
Definition
True
Term
The hedonistic calc. school makes an assumption that as people exercise their free will, they will:
Definition
Avoid crime
Term
Neoclassical criminology basically is deterrence and retribution that holds human beings are free to make choices in favor of:
Definition
Crime, deviance, and conformity.
Term
The rational choice theory is a perspective of crime causation and predicts that individuals will choose crime when the benefits outweigh the costs of disobeying the law.
Definition
True.
Term
The social control theory by travis hirschi is that there is a bond between individuals and society.
Definition
True
Term
____ is often measured in terms of recidivism.
Definition
Dangerousness
Term
The condition, the person suffering is described as having disjointed thinking and possibly experiencing delusions and hallucinations.
Definition
Schizophrenia
Term
This is a condition which the person suffering from it is said to be out of touch with reality.
Definition
Psychosis
Term
This is a person having a personality disorder, Manifested in aggressively antisocial behavior
Definition
Psychopath
Term
This is a Psychological principle that holds the frequency of any behavior may be increased or decreased through rewards, punishment and/or association with other stimuli.
Definition
Behavioral conditioning
Supporting users have an ad free experience!