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| An executive in a brokerage firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the 5 minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ________ schedule. |
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| On the first day of class Professor Wallace tells her history students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule. |
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| Your pastor knows you are taking psychology and he has asked you how to make his upcoming sermon more memorable to his congregation. Which of these suggestions would not be useful? |
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| Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be: |
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| distorted by our current attitudes and beliefs |
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| The process of getting information out of memory storage is called: |
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| Our ability to learn by witnessing and imitating the behavior of others best illustrates |
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serial position The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect. |
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| The inability to remember how Lincoln's head appears on a penny is most likely due to a failure in: |
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| The famous Ebbinghaus "forgetting curve" indicates that how well we remember information depends on: |
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| how long ago we learned that information. |
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| Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of: |
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| By pushing vending machine buttons, children often learn that this action is associated with the delivery of a candy bar. This process best illustrates: |
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| In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n): |
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| In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books after books are repeatedly presented with a loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a(n): |
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| I remember exactly where I was and what I was doing in 1986 when a friend told me, "The Challenger space shuttle just blew up". This type of memory is called a ________ memory |
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| Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to |
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| Five-year-old Tim is emotionally disturbed and has refused to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher has used the method of: |
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| Your limited-capacity working memory is called ________ memory |
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| The process of encoding refers to |
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| getting information into memory |
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| Memory experts who express skepticism regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories are most likely to emphasize that: |
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| extremely stressful life experiences are especially likely to be well remembered. |
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| Five-year-old Tim is emotionally disturbed and has refused to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher has used the method of: |
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| A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory. |
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| Kathleen developed an intense fear of flying 5 years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone |
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| The hippocampus plays a critical role in ________ memory |
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| Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates |
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| In a well-known experiment, nursery school children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of: |
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