Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Test
Kinship-Lineage-Political Organizations
43
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2011

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Explanations for who become leaders
Definition
  • Knowledge
  • Intelligence
  • Ambitiousness
  • Aggressiveness
  • Generosity
  • Age
  • Stature
  • Sex
  • Wealth
  • Positive feelings towards parents
Term
How political leaders maintain legitimacy
Definition
  • Cultural Control ( control through internalized beliefs and values)
  • Social Control- Enternal control through open coercion
  • Sanctions- Positive or Negative, Formal or Informal
Term
Relative Status of Women
Definition
  • Caloric Contribution- no
  • Hunting- no
  • Warfare- no
  • Female Centered Kinship/Residence- yes
  • Cutural Complexity- yes
Term
Possible Reasons for the universality of marriage
Definition
  • Gender division of labor
  • Prolonged infant dependency
  • Sexual competition
  • Postpartum requirements
Term
Possible Reasons for the universality of incest taboo
Definition
  • Childhood familiarity theory
  • Psychoanalytic theory
  • Family-disruption theory
  • Cooperation theroy
  • inbreeding theory
Term
Food Collectors
Definition
  • Lowest populational density
  •  small communities
  • nomadic or seminomadic
  •  infrequent shortages
  •  minimal trade
  •  no full-time craft specialists
  •  no differences in individual wealth
  •  informal political leadership
  • Aboriginees of Australia, Kung of South Africa, Inuit of Alaska
Term
Horticulturalists
Definition
  • Low to moderate density
  •  small to moderate communities
  •  mostly sedentary
  •  infrequent shortages
  •  minimal trade
  •  none or few full-time craft specialists
  •  minimal differences in individual wealth
  •  some part-time political officials
  • Yanomamo of Brazil, Somans
Term
Pastorilists
Definition
  • Low population density
  • small communities
  •  nomadic or seminomadic
  •  frequent shortages
  •  trade very important
  •  some full-time craft specialists
  •  moderate differences in individual wealth
  •  part- and full-time political officials
  • Basseri of Iraq, Lapps of Scandinavi
Term
The Three Rules of Descent
Definition
  • Patrilineal
  • Matrilineal
  • Ambilineal
Term
Functions of Kinship Groups
Definition
  • Marriage Regulation
  • Economic
  • Political
  • Religious
Term
Bilateral Kinship
Definition
Kindred
Term
Unilineal Descent Groups
Definition
  • Lineages
  • Clans
  • Phratries
  • Moieties
  • Combinations
Term
Sex Differences in Personality between Male and Female
Definition
  • Aggression
  • Responsibility
  • Conformity
  • Dominance
  • Play
  • Distance
Term
Cultural Regulation of Sexuality
Definition
  • Premarital Sex
  • Extramarital Sex
  • Marital Sex
  • Homosexuality
Term
Supernatural Forces
Definition
  • Mana
  • Taboo
Term
Supernatural Beings
Definition
  • Gods
  • Spirits
  • Ghosts
  • Ancestor Spirits
Term
Shaman
Definition
  • Part-Time
  • Male
  • High Status
  • Witch Doctor
  • Healing
Term
Sorcerers and Witches
Definition
  • Male and Females
  • Low Status
Term
Mediums
Definition
  • Female Generally
  • Status Dependant on Culture
Term
Priests
Definition
  • Full Time
  • Male
  • High Status
  • Ritual
Term
Universality of Religion
Definition
  • The need to understand
  • Reversion to Childhood Feelings
  • Anxiety and Uncertainty
  • The Need for Community
Term
Band
Definition
  • Food Collecting
  • Egalitarian
  • Reciprocity
  • Collective Decision Making
  • Few People
  • Uncentralized
Term
Tribe
Definition
  • Horticulture or Pastorilism
  • 100s of People
  • Uncentralized
  • Clans
  • Age Sets
  • Association
Term
Chiefdom
Definition
  • Horticulture
  • Pastoralism or agriculture
  • Redistribution
  • Rank
  • Centralized
Term
State
Definition
  • Agriculture
  • Class/Caste
  • Market Exchange
  • Centralized
  • Militarized
  • State Religion
  • Bureaucracy
  • Many Pluralistic
Term
Non Violent Resolutions
Definition
  • Laws
  • Avoidance
  • Community Action
  • Negotiation
  • Ritual Reconcilition
  • Oaths and Ordeals
  • Witchcraft
  • Adjudication
Term
Types of Culture Change
Definition
  • Diffusion
  • Invention
  • Acculturation
  • Commercialization
  • Religious Change
  • Political and Social
Term
Invention
Definition
  • Discovery of new object, idea, or behavior
  • Example- use of new tool
Term
Diffusion
Definition
  • Direct Contact
  • Intermediate Contact
  • Stimulus Diffusion
Term
Types of Acculturation
Definition
  • Conquest
  • Colonization
Term
Commercialization
Definition
  • Migratory Labor
  • cash crops
  • commercial Agriculture
Term
Intensive Agriculturalist
Definition
  • High density
  • large communities
  • permanent settlements
  •  frequent shortages
  •  trade very important
  •  many full-time craft specialists
  •  considerable differences in individual wealth
  •  formal political leadership with full-time officials
  • Rural Greece, Rural Vietnam, Mekong Delta

 

Term
Three Types of Distribution of Goods/Services
Definition
  • Market Exchange
  • Reciprocity
  • Redistribution
Term
What Factors affect optimal foraging strategy
Definition
  • Maximize Returns on Labor
  • Calorie Yield
  • Predictability
Term
What are the different types of economic production
Definition
  • Domestic- Family or Kinship, most common
  • Industrial- Mechanized production, costly
  • Tributary- Produce own food, but must cede portion to leaders
  • Postindustrial- Knowledge and Service
Term
Why do people work
Definition
  • Survival
  • Social Pressure
  • Profit
  • Achievement
  • Esteem
  • Higher Standard of living
  • Special Purposes
Term
Egalatarian Society
Definition
  • Equal Access to Resources, Power, Prestige
  • Kung, Mbuti, Inuit, Yanomamo
Term
Rank Society
Definition
  • Subequal acces to economic resources and power
  • Unequal Access to Prestige
  • Samoans, Trobriand Islanders
Term
Class Society
Definition
  • Unequal Acces to resources, Power, and Prestige
  • U.S., India, Inca
Term
Rural Greece, Rural Vietnam, Mekong Delta
Definition
Intensive Agriculturalist
Term
Aborginines of Australia, Kung of South Africa, Inuit of Alaska
Definition
Food Collectors
Term
Basseri of Iraq, Lapps of Scandinavia
Definition
pastoralists
Term
Yanomamo of Brazil, Samoans
Definition
Horticulturalist
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