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| The study of the relationships between the individual and society and the consequences of the differences. |
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| problems shared by many members of society. |
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| position assigned to a person without regard for their qualities |
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| The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. |
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| Sociological investigation that concentrates on large scale phenomena or entire civilizations. |
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| Functionalist Prespective |
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| A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. |
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| assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power or the allocation of resources. |
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| Interactionalist perspective |
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| generalizes everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain sociology as a whole. |
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| the worldwide integration of gov, policies, cultures, social movements etc. through trade and the exchange of ideas. |
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| Transformation of an abstract concept into indicators that are observable and measurable. |
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| A relationship between two variables in which a change in one coincides with a change in the other. |
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| a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. |
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| Interview, questionnaire, |
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| a number calculated by adding a series of values and then dividing them by he number of the values. |
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| The midpoint or number that divides a series of values into two groups of equal numbers or values. |
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| The single most common value in a series of scores |
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| The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation |
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| The unintended influence that observes of experiments can have on their subjects. |
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| The systematic coding and objective recording of data guided by some rationals. |
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| The standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession. |
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| Weber's term for objectivity of sociologists in the interpretation of data. |
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| A common practice of belief shared by all societies. |
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| The systematic study of how biology affects the human social behavior |
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| Tje physical aspects of our daily lives. |
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| Ways of using material objects as well as customs, ideas, expressions, beleifs etc, as patterns of communications. |
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| A period of adjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. |
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| The idea that the language a person uses shapes his or her perception of reality and therefore his or her thoughts and actions. |
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| a conception of what is considered good, or bad in culture. |
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| An established standard of behavior maintained by society |
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| A norm that generally has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators. |
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| Formal norms enforced by the state. |
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| a norm that is generally understood but not precisely recorded. |
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| Norma deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. |
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| Norma governing everyday behavior, whose violation raise comparatively little concern. |
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| A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm |
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| A set of cultural beliefs and practices that legitimates existing powerful social economic and political interests. |
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| A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of more, folkways and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society |
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| Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. |
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| A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture. |
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| idea that ones own culture and way of life represents the norm |
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| the viewing of peoples behavior from the perspective of their own culture. |
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| The lifelong process through which people learn the behaviors and values appropriate for their particular culture. |
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| A distinct identity that sets us apart from others |
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| A concept that emphasizes the self as a product of our social interactions |
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| the acting self that exists in relation to the ME |
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| The socialized self that judges performances based on the standards we have learned from others. |
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| someone important in the development of the self. |
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| The process of mentally assuming the perspective or another and responding from the imagined viewpoint |
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| The attitudes, viewpoints and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior. |
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| A view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical preformers |
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| the altering of the presentation of the self in order to relate distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences |
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| the efforts people make to maintain a proper image and avoid public embarrassment. |
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| Cognitive Theory of Development |
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The theory that children's thought progresses through four stages of development. the first being Sensorimotor-young children use senses to make discoveries.
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Preoccupational- child begins to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas.
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Concrete operational- child engages in logical thinking.
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| Formal operational- adolesence become capable of sophisticated abstract thought. |
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| roles for males, and females in society. |
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| a ritual making the transition from one social position to the next. |
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| A research orientation in which sociologists look closely at the social factors that influence people throughout their life. |
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| Anticipatory socilization |
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| progress of socialization in which a person rehearses for future situations |
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| The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as a part of a transition in one's life. |
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| Regulates all aspects of a persona life under a single authority such as prison, militaty etc. |
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| An aspect of the socilization process whithin some total institutions in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals. |
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| The generation of adults who try to meet the needs of their parents and their children |
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