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| An analytical balance measures masses to within 0.0001 gram; used when precise measurement is needed |
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| Used to weigh solid material when a precision of 0.1 gram |
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| also called determinate error; error due to procedural or instrumental factors that cause a measurement to be consistently too large or too small |
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| the range of values within which there is a specified probability that the true value will be found |
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| A reagent that is pure enough and stable enough to be used directly after weighing. The entire mass is considered to be pure reagent. |
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| The difference between the observed end point and the true equivalence point in a titration |
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| a compound having a physical property (usually color) that changes abruptly near the equivalence point of a chemical reaction |
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| The difference between the indicator end point of a titration and the true equivalence point |
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| Nitrogen in organic compounds; compound is digested with boiling H2SO4 to convert nitrogen to NH4+, which is treated with base and distilled as NH3 into a standard acid solution. Moles of acid consumed = moles of NH3 liberated |
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| a single multidentate ligand that forms metal complexes that are more stable than those formed by several individual ligands with the same ligand atoms |
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| A titration in which the reaction between analyte and titrant involves complex formation |
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| A titration in which the analyte is treated with titrant, and the volume of titrant required for complete reaction is measured |
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| An EDTA titration produced in which analyte is treated with excess MgEDTA2- to displace Mg2+. The liberated Mg2+ is then titrated with EDTA; useful if no suitable indicator for direct titration of M^n+ |
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| A titration that is used when the analyte cannot be directly titrated. For example, analyte A may be precipitated with excess reagent R. The product is filtered, and the excess R washed away. Then AR is dissolved in a new solution, and R can be titrated. |
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| The equilibrium constant for the reaction of a metal with its ligands to form a metal-ligand complex; same as stability constant |
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| one that can form a chemical bond by sharing a pair of electron donated by another species |
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| one that can form a chemical bond by sharing a pair of its electron with another species |
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| an atom or a group attached to a central atom in a molecule. The term is often used to mean any group attached to anything else of interest. |
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| A reagent that selectively reacts with one (or more) component(s) of a solution to prevent the component(s) from interfering in a chemical analysis |
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| one that binds to a metal ion through only one atom |
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| one that binds to a metal ion through more than one atom |
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| used for precipitation titrations, it becomes attached to a precipitate and changes color when the surface charge of the precipitate changes sign at the equivalence point |
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| a precipitation titration in which the end point is signaled by adsorption of a colored indicator on the precipitate |
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| Titration with silver nitrate to determine the concentration of chlorides in a solution |
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| titration of Ag+ with SCN- in the presence of Fe3+. Formation of red Fe(SCN)2+ marks the end point |
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| the electrode at which oxidation takes place |
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| the electrode at which reduction takes place |
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| one that produces electricity by means of a spontaneous chemical reaction |
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| the use of triiodide (or iodine) as a titrant |
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| a technique in which an oxidant is titrated with I- to produce I3-, which is then titrated (usually with thiosulfate) |
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| same as oxidizing agent; a substance that takes electrons in a chemical reaction |
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| a loss of electrons or a raising of the oxidation state |
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| a chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one element to another |
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| same as reductant; a substance that donates electrons in a chemical reaction |
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| a gain of electrons or a lowering of oxidation state |
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