Shared Flashcard Set

Details

final study guide
the basis of chemistry
73
Chemistry
11th Grade
01/06/2009

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is chemistry
Definition
The study of composition of matter and the change it over goes
Term
What is the SI unit of energy
Definition
Joules
Term
What is a physical change
Definition
An alteration of a substance that does not change what the substance is changes what it looks like
Term
What is an atom
Definition
the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element.
Term
What is an atomic number
Definition
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element ----blue number
Term
What is an isotope
Definition
Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass due to different numbers of neurons.
Term
What is an alpha particle
Definition
a positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei. It consists of two protons - two neutrons and is identical to the nucleus a helium atom
Term
What is nuclear FISSON
Definition
The splitting or nucleuis into smaller fragments
Term
What is nuclear FUSION
Definition
occurs when nuclear combine to produce a nucleus or greater mass.
Term
What are the units for frequency
Definition
1/5 ovs - also hertz (HZ)
Term
Who explained the photoelectric effect and what is the photoelectric effect.
Definition
Albert Einstein - The photoelectric effect is when metals effect electrons called photo electrons when light shines on them
Term
What is the ground state? What is the excited state
Definition
Ground state - the lone electron of a hydrogen atom in its lowest energy level. Excited state Lone electron of a hydrogen atom at its highest energy Excited steak - never mind
Term
Who should be created (killed) for creating the Periodic table of elements
Definition
Dimitri Mendeleev - a typical russion chemist with too much time on his hands during a cold winter.
Term
What are the group names of the following groups on the periodic table
Definition
Group 1 - alkali metals
Group 2 - alkaline earth metals
groups 3-12 --- transition metals
group 17 --- halogens
group 18 - noble gases
Term
Which subatomic particle is responsible for the properties of and element?
Definition
Electrons - the electrons take place in bonding b/c they are not in the necleus
Term
What happens when an atom loses electrons ? when an atom gains electrons.
Definition
loses electrons - becomes negative- cation
gains electrons - becomes positive - anion
Term
What is alloy ---example please
Definition
A partial or complete solid solution.
check this one Dictionary says - a mixing of two or more metals to add better hardness - example brass is an alloy of copper and zinc - copper is used as alloy to make gold coins
Term
How many atoms do the following groups gain/lose when they become ions>
Definition
Group 1 - lose one electron = +1
Group 2 - lose two electron = +2
group 13 - lose three + +3
group 15 - gains 3 electrons = -3
group 16 - gains 2 electrons = -2
group 17 - gains 1 = -1
Term
What is the octet rule
Definition
atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure or a noble gas ---- usually eight valance electrons
Term
What suffix is included on all monatomic anions
Definition
always ide from an element
Term
How many electrons are shared in a single bond --- double bond ----triple bond
Definition
single 2
double 4
triple 6
Term
What are the electronegativity difference ranges for nonpolar bonds? For polar bonds? for ionic bonds
Definition
nonpolar covalent 0.0 - 0.4
polar - .5 - 2.0
ionic > than 2.0
Term
What are the five common molecule shapes and how do you identify them? What are their bond angles?
Definition
Term
What is a polar bond
Definition
a bond formed when 2 different atoms are joined by a covalent bond and the bonding electrons are shared equally
Term
What is a dipole
Definition
A molecule that has two electrically charged regions or poles
Term
She study guide for question 27
Definition
Term
what is the density formula
Definition
density = mass/volume (mass over volume)
Term
What are the steps of scientific method
Definition
observation - hypothesis - experiment - theory
Term
What is scientific law
Definition
a concise statement that summarizes the results of mans observations and experiments
Term
What is a theory
Definition
a thoroughly tested model that explains when experiments give certain results
Term
What are the rules for significant figures when multiplying/dividing? When adding/ subtracting
Definition
You choose or simplify to the least decimal
Term
What is absolute zero
Definition
the zero point on the Kelvin scale equivalent to -273 degree Celsius. All molecular motion theoretically stops at this temp.
Term
What is an element
Definition
a substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal laboratory conditions.
Term
What is a compound
Definition
A substance that can be changed into simpler substances only by chemical reactions
Term
what are the postulates of Dalton's theory of matter - fascinating
Definition
1. all atoms are composed of tiny invisible particles called atoms.

2. Atoms of the same elements are identical -- different from other elements


3. atoms of different elements can physically mix together or chemically combine

4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined or realigned.
Term
What is the mass number of an element
Definition
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. decimal points is an average
Term
What are parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest frequency/lowest energy to highest frequency/ highest energy
Definition
Radio waves | microwaves| infrared| Roxobiv visible| ultra violet| x-rays | Gamma rays

Starts lowest ends with highest
Term
What are the quanta of light called
Definition
PHOTON not to be confused with futons
low frequency -low energy -high wavelength
and
high frequency - high energy - low wavelengths
Term
What are the three rules that govern electron configurations?
Definition
1. Alpha beta principle - electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

2. Pauli (?) exclusion principle - an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons

3. Hand's rule - when electrons occupy orbital of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contains one electron with a parallel spin
Term
What are the rows of the periodic table called? the columns?
Definition
rows - preiods ---
columns - groups
Term
what are valence electrons
Definition
an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom
Term
What is ionization energy
Definition
the energy required to remove on electron from a gasest atom
Term
what is an ionic bond
Definition
a bond in which two atoms share a pari of electrons
Term
Fill in the blank
Definition
Covalent bonds occur between NON METAL AND NON METAL. Ionic bonds occur between NON METALS AND METALS
Term
What is the VSEPR theory
Definition
valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory: because electron pairs repel molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible.
Term
What are the states of matter and how are they characterized
Definition
gas - composed of particles
solid - has definite shape and volume
liquid- flows fixed volume
Term
what is a heterogeneous mixture
Definition
Dad in a pink Ralph Lauren Polo and Levi's

Components are not readily distinguished but you can see the parts
Term
what value is an element's identify based upon
Definition
Atomic number (number of protons)
Term
What is a beta particle
Definition
FaST -- ?????? ELECTRON EMITTED FROM CERTAIN RADIO ACTIVE NUCLEI. IT IS FORMED WHEN A NEUTRON DECOMPOSES INTO A PROTON AND AN ELECTRON
Term
what is the dual nature of light
Definition
Light can be made as a wave or a particle
Term
wHAT IS AN ORBITAL
Really question 53
Definition
space around nucleus where electrons are probatiter?????
Term
What is atomic radius
Definition
one half the distance between the nuclei in a molecule consisting of identical atoms
Term
Give some properties of ionic compounds
Definition
1. Composed of metal cations and non metal anions
2. electrically neutral
3. usually solid crystals at room temp
4. melt at high temperatures
Term
What determines the polarity of a bond
Definition
If the bond is covalent and if electrons are shared unequally
Term
what determines the polarity of a molecule
Definition
The shape of the molecule and the polarity of the bond
Term
what is a chemical change
Definition
an irreversible change that makes or breaks a chemical into a new one
Term
What us the SI unit of temperature
Definition
Kelvin
Term
What is a physical property
Definition
1. Must be seen
2. Honey Child's presents on the dining room carpet
3. a quality of a substance that can be observed or measured with out changing the substances chemical composition
Term
What is a HOMOGENEOUS mixture
Not to be confused with Hetrogeneous earlier question
Definition
You can not see the parts. AKA - President Bush just seems like a bunch of nothing. A mixture that is not uniform in composition the components are not readily distinguished.
Term
Next question see study guide number 62
What are the three subatomic particles? Give their charges, mass and their location in the atom.
Definition
Term
What is half life
Question 65 can't read the answer
Definition
the time required for one half of the atom or a radioistope to
Term
What are the four properties by which waves are measured Question 64
Definition
1. wave length - how long and steep
2. Speed - how fast it is going
3. Amplitude - the up and down extent of the vibrations of an electronic wave
4. Frequency - the umber of cycles in the wave
Term
What is quantum
Definition
the amount of energy needed to move an electron form its present energy level to the next higher one.
Term
What is periodic law
Definition
1. when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, this creates repetition.
2. the front door will close if the dogs bark to much! But what is too much. Sorry wrong class I was thinking philosophy
Term
What is malleability
Definition
1. the speed which a physical property can move around the Mall.
2. A MATERIALS ABILITIES TO DEFORM UNDER COMPRESSIVE ENERGY
Term
What is electronegativity
Definition
1. Conversations with Aggie
2. a property of an atom that describes the ability to attract electrons.
Term
What is a periodic trend for atomic radius
Definition
one half of the distance between the nuclei for two atoms in a ??????? molecule
Question 69
Term
Compare/contrast single, double, and triple bonds in terms of bond length and strength.
Definition
single is smallest, the double and triple are the strongest.
Term
Who came up with the Plum Pudding model of the atom? Should like I made up this question
Definition
Julia Child? NO it was
JJ Thornson
Term
Who came up with the Planetary model of the atom
Definition
Bohr Model not to be confused with BORN shoes available at VON Maur
Term
Who wont the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics
Definition
Aggie
Antoine Henre Becauevel and Pierre and? Mariecurie
Term
Who won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Definition
Limus Pauling (not sure on spelling)
Term
Questions 75 - 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 are all on the study guide.
Definition
Hopes this helps and made studying more fun.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!