Term
| What is the purpose of the light cycle? (please correct me if i'm wrong) |
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Definition
| To produce ATP energy for the dark cycle. |
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Term
| What is the end product in the dark cycle? (please correct me if i'm wrong) |
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Definition
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Term
| In the cellular respiration cycle, lactic acid builds up with or without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Overall, more energy(ATP) is available with or without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kingdom is being described? Eukaryotic, unicellular except algae, aquatic, autotrophic/heterotrophic, various types of cell walls. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the names given to the two types of ways bacteria and others can reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bacteria are eukaryotic or prokaryotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of bacteria is chemosynthetic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of bacteria is every day bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What came first most likely, Archaebacteria or Eubacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| When testing antibiotics on bacteria, scientists look for a ____ __ ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are bacteria becoming resistant to some antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| The little hair like structures on the outside of a bacteria are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The tail like structure in the back of a bacteria is called the? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the order, starting from Kingdom, of classes? |
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Definition
| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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Term
| For a scientific name, which word is capatalized? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Virus that has a short effect and happens quickly (invades cell and reproduces) |
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Term
| What is a lysogenic virus? |
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Definition
| Virus that has long effects and is much stronger, and hides in DNA |
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Term
| Why aren't viruses considered alive? |
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Definition
| They have no cellular structure, and they can't reproduce on their own, inactive until they find a host, & they only have RNA or DNA, not both |
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Term
| Viruses have either ___/___ in their outer covering called the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The shaft of a virus is called the ____ supported by fingerlike structures called ____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of dating? |
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Definition
| Radioactive(Absolute) and Relative dating |
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Term
| Radioactive dating is measured in? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. The larger the gene pool, the more chance you will observe speciation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of speciation? |
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Definition
| how new species evolve from old ones. |
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Term
| Isolated species usually experience speciation. T/F. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of natural selection? |
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Definition
| Stabilizing, Directional, and Disruptive |
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Term
| Describe Stabilizing selection. |
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Definition
| best for average, bad for both extremes |
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Term
| Describe Directional selection. |
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Definition
Best for 1 extreme
Bad for the other |
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Term
| Describe Disruptive Selection |
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Definition
Bad for average
Best for both extremes |
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Term
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Definition
| All the alleles of a population in a certain area. |
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Term
| What is a homologous structure? |
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Definition
| body parts that are structurally the same but have different functions. |
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Term
| What is an analogous structure? |
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Definition
| body parts that are structurally different, but serve the same function |
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Term
| What is a vestigual structure? |
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Definition
| Structure that is under developed and useless in one organism, but may be developed and functional in another organism |
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Term
| T/F. Darwin came to Gallapagos islands to discover the theory on evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were 2 of Darwin's theories? |
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Definition
| Natural selection and descent with modification |
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Term
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Definition
| That organisms became adapted to their environment through acquired traits. |
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Term
| In the energy pyramid, how much energy is passed up to the next level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 things that energy is lost as? |
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Definition
| heat, organism uses it, unusable body parts |
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Term
| In the food pyramid, what is the lowest level called/made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the level above decomposers in the food pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2nd trophic level is referring to the _ level consumer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the top of the pyramid have to be small/ triangle shaped? |
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Definition
| Has to be triangle shaped since energy is los as you go up, therefore you have to eat more to get energy to survive. |
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Term
| Producers are mainly autotrophic or heterotrophic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Consumers are heterotrophic or autotrophic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Biotic mean? Abiotic? |
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Definition
any living organism is biotic
any non living organism is abiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| the role an organism plays in its community including its habitat and interactions with other organisms. |
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Term
| T/F. Organisms can share the same niche. |
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Definition
| False, they can't because of competitive exclusion |
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Term
| What is an intimate relationship between two or more species? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When one organism (parasite) derives nourishment from a host organism |
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Term
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Definition
| When one organism is benefited by another organism, and neither organism is harmed. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two species both receive benefits from each other. |
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Term
| Carrying Capacity depends on? |
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Definition
| Population size and resources available |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions, but they change instead with their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that adjust their tolerance levels over time to abiotic factors |
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Term
| What are 2 ways organisms may escape from unsuitable conditions? |
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Definition
| migration and going into dormancy (hibernating/bacteria excreting capsule) until conditions are suitable |
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Term
| T/F. The skeletal system only supports the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of bone marrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of bone marrow is made mostly of fat and an energy resevoir? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bone marrow mainly is found in spongy bone and produces red blood cells and white blood cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is near the end of long bones and is aka as the growth plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the outside layer of bone containing bloodvessels and nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bone is made of lamellae, endures stress, and nourishes living bone tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When bones begin to lose an excess amount of calcium |
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Term
| What is an osteoclast? Osteocyte? |
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Definition
1-cell that steals calcium from bone and puts it into blood
2-living bone cell that fills in bone gaps |
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Term
| What are the two types of muscle filament? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is thinner, Actin or Myosin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has to be released in order to make the 2 fibers attach and make the muscle contract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles work in ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of neurons? Functions? |
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Definition
Sensory-pick up stimuli and send it to inter
Motor-actually does the action
Inter-receive message and decide what to do... sends it to motor |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of nervous systems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do neurons use to pick up signals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the space between neurons called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pathways of neurons in a reflex? |
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Definition
Sensory----Motor
Sensory----Spine----Motor
NO BRAIN |
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Term
| When at rest, a neuron is more positive/negative on inside? |
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Definition
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Term
What makes the inside positive in a neuron?
What goes out making the outside of a neuron negative, and thus making it balanced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 things bring the neuron back to normal after an impulse is sent through? |
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Definition
| Ion channels. Sodium/Potassium pump |
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Term
| What type of molecules carry out the transmission across the synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| When picking up a signal, the _______ sends a message to the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Endocrine systenm, hormones travel to ______ target cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Each hormone can only bind to one receptor in the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main integrator in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| While the NS is rapid and short lived, the ES is? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ secretes bile and filters out poisonous substances in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What breaks down carbos, fats, and helps small intestine in digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thick and muscular organ that has internal folds to churn food? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stops the stomach from digesting itself? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most digestion occur? Why? |
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Definition
| Small Intestine because if its villi for absorbtion |
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Term
| What reabsorbs water, minerals, and vitamins back into the body? |
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Definition
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Term
Amylase is?
Pepsin breaks down? |
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Definition
Saliva enzyme in mouth
Proteins in stomach |
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Term
| What is the flap of tissue that covers the trachea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the voice box called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 tubes leading to lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle controls breathing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alveoli are surrounded by ___________ that keep a constant flow of blood over them. |
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Definition
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Term
| What aids in gas exchange? (surrounded by capillaries) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does oxygen diffuse into cells/tissues? |
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Definition
| Oxygen level is higher in the blood than in the cell |
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Term
| What diffuses in the blood from the cell/tissues to be brought back to the lungs for gas exchange? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are substances that are foreign to the body called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inactivates pathogens directly and binds to them? This is generated by the immune system. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do B lymphocytes give rise to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of T lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What contains either dead or weakened pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consume waste and foreign material |
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Term
| What is the function of the Lymph system? |
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Definition
| to absorb excess fluid and return it to the bloodstream |
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Term
| What does the Lymph system depend upon to move the excess fluid? |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle contractions |
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Term
| How do doctors know that you are fighting a disease? (hint: lymph system) |
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Definition
| Lymph node would be swollen |
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Term
| What are the three layers in the heart? |
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Definition
Epicardium- outer layer
Myocardium- Middle
Endocardium- lines heart chamber |
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Term
| What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? |
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Definition
pulmonary- carries blood from heart to lungs back to heart
systemic- carries blood from heart to body cells back to heart |
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Term
Arteries carry _________ blood away from the heart. THICK
What is the largest artery? |
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Definition
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Term
_______ carry deoxygenated blood back to heart, THIN walled.
What is the largest? |
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Definition
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Term
| List in order all the structures a drop of blood passes through while traveling from the vena cava to the aorta. |
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Definition
| vena cava, right atrium, tricusped valve, right ventricle, semi lunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicusped valve, left ventricle, semi lunar valve, aorta. |
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Term
| In the water cycle, water can either _________ or _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the nitrogen cycle, most nitrogen is found in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which chamber in the heart collects the deoxygenated blood from the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the actual gas exchange occur in the lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 organs help in digestion even though food never passes through them? |
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Definition
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Term
What Phylum?
1.Jellyfish
2.Starfish
3.Exoskeleton, Molt, Segmented body |
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Definition
1-Cnideria
2-Echinodermata
3-Arthropoda |
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Term
What Phylum?
1-Round worms, microscopic
2-Segmented worms, bristle worms
3-Flatworms, tapeworms |
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Definition
1-Aschelminthes
2-Annelida
3-Platylminthes |
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Term
What Phylum?
1-Soft body, bilateral, squid |
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Definition
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