whitish ring-shaped or bow-shaped deposit in the cornea that frequently occurs in old age.

A ring in the cornea

keeps the eye from being able to change shape

Faster and deeper respirations without pauses

Prolonged, gasping inpiration followed by extremely short, inefficient expiration

Increased CO2 levels

"Panting"

Deeper respirations; normal rate

Decreased CO2 levels

Slow, but regular respirations

Increased CO2 levels

increased respiratory rate

Decreased CO2 levels

Heart Locations:

Aortic

Heart Locations:

Pulmonic

Heart Locations:

2nd Pulmonic

3-4th ICS, LSB

This is Erb's point; aortic & pulmonary; 2 sounds here

Heart Locations:

Tricuspid

Heart Locations:

Mitral Valve

Hypospadius

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Primary: urethral meatus located on bottom/ventral side (still on glans) of the penis

Secondary: opening on ventral shaft

Tertiary: opening on the ventral side of base

fluid accumulation in tunica vaginalis; nontender, smooth, firm mass

can be common in newborn; should resolve by 6 months

soft, reddish lesion, arises b/c of infection w/ papovavirus

generally present on prepuce, glans penis, and penile shaft

Varicocele

Small, Medium, Large

dialtion and torsion of the veins within the spermatic cord

most common on l. side, may be painful, occurs @ top of scrotum

Small: palpated only during Valsalva maneuver; only decrease in sperm count

Medium: Palpated w/o Valsalva maneuver, feel stg. but can't tell what

Large: obvious, visible bulging of scrotal skin, looks like a hard varicose vein

cystic swelling occurring on the epididymis

smaller than hydrocele, can still transilluminate

inflammation of epididymis

may occur w/ UTI or STI

occurs mostly adolescence-adulthood, gradual onset

spermatic cord that supplies blood to testicles is twisted, cutting off blood supply

acute onset, neewborn to adolescence; testicle very tender, scrotal discoloration often present

neoplasm arising from testicle

irregular, nontender mass fixed on testes

doesn't transilluminate

inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position after it has been retracted behind the glans

impairment of local circulation may lead to edema of gangrene of glans

Menometrorrhagia

occurs in active, healthy kids b/w 3-7 y/o; caused by vigorous expulsion of blood from left ventricle into the aorta

described as musical

foreskin is tight and cannot be retracted

may occur in first 6 yrs. of life; should be fully retractaable by 3-4 yrs.

accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity;

transilluminate & percuss; shifting dullness

fluid settles w/ gravity

Olfactory

Sensory: smell

Optic

Motor: visual acuity, opthalmascope exam,

PERRLA, response of pupils

Occulomotor

Motor: pupil constriction, elevation of upper eyelid, EOM

Trochlear

Motor: EOM (look down & in), 6 cardinal fields of vision

Trigeminal

Motor: Jaw Clenching

Sensory: Opthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular

Abducens

Motor: Lateral deviation of the eye

Facial

Motor: muscles of the face (smile, frown)

Sensory: Taste, anterior 2/3 of tongue

Acoustic

Sensory: hearing, vestibular function

Glossopharyngeal

Sensory: tongue; taste post. 1/3 of tongue

Motor: Pharynx; gag reflex, uvula

Vagus

Sensory: pharynx & larynx

Motor

one of the worst to trigger: bradycardia, hypotension, no Tx, only body support

Stimulated at: anus, bladder, top of esophagus, & carina of bronchus

Accessory

Motor: sternocleidomastoid & trapezius muscle strength

a sharp, stabbing pain at site of peritoneal inlfammation

rebound tenderness over McBurney point suggests appendicitis