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| ‘the ancient ones’ – ancestors of Pueblo Indians who lived throughout NW New Mexico and NE Arizona – lived in stone houses tucked in canyons or on mesa tops – expert farmers survived in marginal conditions – three major sites at Mesa Verde, Kayenta, Chaco Canyon |
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| AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) [method of C-14 dating]: |
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| counts the atoms of Carbon 14 directly. Precise amounts sampled but contamination makes goal of dating back 50,000 to 80,000 years difficult to achieve. |
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| an artifact’s context usually consists of its immediate matrix (material around it), its provenience (horizontal and vertical position in the matrix), and its association with other artifacts (with other archaeological remains, usually in the same matrix). |
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| last Sapa Inca (emperor) of Inca - son of Huayna Capac who was defeated his brother in civil war for control of empire – on victory march back he captured by Spanish and Spanish used him to enter Cuzco to steal gold from city - was then killed by Spanish |
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| Founder of New Archaeology, argued against the approach which tried to use archaeological data to write a kind of counterfeit history. Optimistic. Archaeological reasoning should be made on an explicit framework of logical argument. Open to testing. Processual. Turned to sciences and division of categories. Used ethnoarchaeology for Nunamiut Eskimo. |
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| located in southwestern Camden and necessitated that the palisade wall extend. Built by Kershaw. Constituted an industrial household consisting of persons, both free and enslaved, who were engaged in manufacturing. Used as first area of archaeological study because it could test sampling strategy’s ability to predict nature of subsurface evidence. |
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| Chaco communities found scattered throughout four corners that exhibit expansion of Chaco culture – provide canyon with basic necessities not available in canyon (agriculture, timber) in return for construction specialists and religious ties |
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| broad, straight, well-engineered roads that show culture was not confined to canyon – had developed features such as retaining walls – hint to social complexity - very wide which may hint at symbolic meaning possibly related to ancestors |
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| the study of tree-ring patterns; annual variations in climatic conditions which produce differential growth can be used both as a measure of environmental change, and as the basis for a chronology. – Chaco was its first use in archaeology |
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| a form of construction commonly found in early British settlements in the southern colonies, employed a timber frame set on heavy posts of durable wood set in the ground, rested on a series of supporting posts which formed an outline of their shape and allowed for Lewis to recognize them at Camden – signified early settlement at Camden – 3 studied by Lewis all which set off degree from the town grid indicating their early construction linked to the frontier period – show both specialized and domestic activity |
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