Term
| What is the structure of an atom? |
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Definition
| Nucleus, Proton, Neutron, Electron |
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Term
| What is the significance of meiosis? |
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Definition
| Meiosis is the cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms. |
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Term
| How is the menstrual cycle under hormonal control? |
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Definition
| The menstrual cycle is under the control of the endocrine system and is regulated by hormones. |
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Term
| What do DOMINANT and RECESSIVE mean? |
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Definition
| The expressed gene is said to be dominant over the unexpressed gene, which is described as recessive. |
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Term
| What are codominant alleles? |
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Definition
| Alleles which are equally strong are said to be "codominant |
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Term
| Where are genes found in the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean that genes are linked? |
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Definition
| Genes that are inherited together with the other gene(s) as they are located on the same chromosome. |
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Term
| What makes up a nucleotide? |
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Definition
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
RNA substitutes uracil for thymine |
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Term
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Definition
Purine: nitrogen-containing organic base
Pyrimidine: heterocyclic organic compound |
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Term
| How is DNA transcribed into mRNA? |
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Definition
DNA: TTACCGATCGGA
mRNA: AAUGGCUAGCCU |
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Term
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Definition
| Freezing, Desiccation, in Amber, Carbonization, Permineralization. |
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Term
| How are rock layers correlated? |
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Definition
| If you can see the rock layer and touch it, then you can correlate it. Compare things such as color, texture or compsition. The most important property is the sequence of the rock layers. |
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Term
| How are index fossils used? |
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Definition
| Index fossils (n.) are the fossil remains of an organism that lived in a particular geologic age,used to identify or date the era. |
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Term
| What do homologous structures indicate? |
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Definition
| Embryologically similar structures that have different functions are homologous structures. They indicate similar ancestry. |
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Term
What are the main points of Darwin's Theory of evolution by natural selection? |
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Definition
Stability in reproduction
Variation in offspring, some of which is genetic
More offspring born than can survive to reproduce (SUPERFECUNDITY)
Survivors are those whose variations allow them to reproduce |
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Term
| How do new species emerge? |
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Definition
| Over time, natural selection can result in adaptations that may eventually result in the emergence of new and more diverse species. |
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Term
| What effects are produced by nondisjunction? |
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Definition
Gametes with too many or too few chromosomes.
Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome, Super Males, Triple X syndrome or Edward's Syndrome. |
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Term
| Where are hydrogen bonds found in DNA? |
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Definition
| In between the nitrogenous bases adenine-to-thymine and cytocine-to-guadmine. |
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Term
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Definition
| By unwinding: the old stands that make up the parent molecule are unwound or unzipped by an enzyme. |
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Term
| What are the three kinds of RNA? |
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Definition
Messenger: carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Transfer: transfers the necessary sequence by carrying the code.
Ribosomal: helps in synthesis of proteins |
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Term
| Where are the three kinds of RNA found? |
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Definition
mRNA: between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
tRNA: mainly in the cytoplasm
rRNA: ribosomes
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Term
| How is mRNA translated into a polypeptide? |
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Definition
i)the tRNA with the correct anticodons binds to the start codon.
ii) the next tRNA recognizing the next codon locates itself on the ribosome and the first tRNA is transferred by ribosome.
iii) Once the amino acid are in place, peptide bonds are formed between them and a polypeptide chain is formed. the first tRNA leaves the ribosome while the next tRNA takes it's place. As another tRNA recognizes the next codon, it locates itself on the ribosome once more. |
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Term
| What was Lamarck's explination of evolution? |
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Definition
"Use and Disuse"
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics |
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Term
| What determines whether a structure of an organism is adaptive? |
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Definition
| Speciation and natural selection |
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Term
| How does sex linkage work? |
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Definition
| In mammals, the female is the homozygous sex, with two X chromosomes (XX), while the male is heterozygous, with one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Genes on the X or Y chromosome are called sex linked genes. |
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Term
| How do male and female humans develop and function sexually? |
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Definition
| Sexual reproduction is the formation of a new individual following the union of two gametes |
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Term
| How do chromosome numbers vary through a life cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the events of all the stages of mitosis and meiosis? |
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Definition
Mitosis is a conservative division; the chromosome count is the same before & after.
Meiosis results in a reduction of chromosomes. |
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Term
| What are the components of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
| 5-carbon sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base |
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Term
| A species has pure lines of red, white, and blue stems. What is up? |
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Definition
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Term
| An organism with the genotype AbBb is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| How many traits in pea plants did Mendal investagate? |
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Definition
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Term
Long x Short = Medium
What is the deal? |
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Definition
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Term
AaBb x AaBb
What is the phenotypic ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
A_ is crossed with aa
What is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
Aa x Aa
What is the phenotype ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| Guanine always pairs with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of sugar is found in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What takes the info. from the nucleus to the ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who took the famous X-ray of DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mendel's second law of heredity; States that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other. |
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Term
| Universal Creative Principle |
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Definition
- God
- Humans
- Apes
- Other Vertebrates
- Invertevrates
- Plants
- Fungi
- Algae
- Bacteria
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Term
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Definition
Cylindrical structures found in animal cells
Composed of groupings of microtubules arranged in a 9 + 3 pattern
Help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| More offspring born than can survive to reproduce |
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