Term
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Definition
| principle that bonds in DNA can form only a-t and g-c |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Adenine and Guanine
*Has two rings |
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Term
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Definition
Cytosine and Thymine
*Has one ring |
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Term
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Definition
| organism with cells that have a nuclei |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of nucleotide goes to DNA and the other half goes to RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Decoding of mRNA into a plypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
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Term
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Definition
| gene mutation involving changes in one or few nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| series of genes that control different cell and tissues in the embryo |
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Term
| What did Avery discover about bacterial transformation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Griffith observe in his experiments with mice? |
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Definition
Some mice died and some lived.
*Genetic information transfered from one bacteria to another* |
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Term
| What makes up a nucleotide of DNA? |
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Definition
| Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine |
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Term
| What is the result of replication? |
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Definition
| Cell each have a complete set of DNA molecules |
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Term
| How do the bases A, T, G, and C base pair? |
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Definition
| By hydrogen bonds, A ~ T and C ~G |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of a gene? |
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Definition
| Genes control the productioin of proteins in a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows individual organisms with desired chararistics to produce next generation |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals with similar chararistics breed to maintain desired chararistics in organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together best traits of both organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| process of making changes in DNA code of living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA combined from different sources |
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Term
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Definition
| gene makes it possible to tell bacteria that carries plasmid from the one that don't |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that contain genes from other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| member of population on genetically identical cells produced from one cell |
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Term
| What type of breeding could cause recessive defects? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?
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Definition
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Term
| What does gel eldctophoresis do? |
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Definition
| Seperates DNA fragments by using porous gel and electrical voltage |
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Term
| Why are transgenic bacteria a good thing when it comes to making human proteins? |
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Definition
| Can treat disorders caused by a single gene |
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Term
| What did Ian Wilmut clone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.) Nucleus of an ege cell is removed
2.) Cell is fused with a cell from another adult
3.) Cell divides and is placed into the embryo of a "foster mom" |
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Term
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Definition
| Pictures of precisely organized chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Charts that show relationships within a family that determines if a trait in inherited or a result of an environmental influence |
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Term
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Definition
| All chromosomes except sex chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to seperate |
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Term
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Definition
| Technique for correcting defective genes responsible for diseases |
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Term
| How many chromosomes does a normal person have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sex chromosomes do males have? Females? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a pedigree, what symbols represent males? Females? |
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Definition
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Term
| What things can a pedigree show? |
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Definition
| If a trait is inherited and genetic disorders |
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Term
| Where are most sex linked genes located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is colorblindness more common in males? |
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Definition
| Males have only one x so all xlinked alleles occur. |
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Term
| What makes DNA fingerprinting so useful in determining identity? |
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Definition
| Most everyones DNA fingerprints are different except for identical twins. |
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Term
| How does gene therapy work? |
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Definition
| Introduces genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal cell or make beneficial protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| change over time in which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| any inherited chararistic that increases an organisms chance of survival |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to survive and reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| nature provides variation thats found useful |
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Term
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Definition
| traces of homologous organs in other species |
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Term
| What did Darwin observe about the Galapagos? |
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Definition
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Term
| What led Darwin to come up with the idea of natural selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were Hutton and Lyell's work important to Darwin? |
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Definition
| They helped Darwin to realize the Earth is very old. Also, the processes that happened in the past still occur today. |
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Term
| What made Lamark's idea about evolution incorrect? |
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Definition
| Organism's behavior has no effect on heritable chararistics |
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Term
| Why didn't Darwin publish his ideas right away? |
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Definition
| He thought his community would judge him |
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Term
| What was Darwin's hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Species change overtime due to natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all genes present in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| number of times that an allele occurs in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meosis |
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Term
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Definition
| trait controlled by two or more genes |
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Term
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Definition
| Random change in allele frequencies in a small population |
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Term
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Definition
| allele frequencies remain constant |
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Term
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Definition
| two populations reproduce at different times |
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Term
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Definition
| Two populations seperated by a geographic feature such as a river or mountains |
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Term
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Definition
| Two populations that can breed but don't because differences in courtship or reproductive strategies |
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Term
| What are two main sources of genetic variation? |
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Definition
| Mutations and genetic shuffling |
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Term
| Which of these two causes most inherited differences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is necessary in order for a new species to form? |
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Definition
| Gene pools of two new populations must become sperated |
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Term
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Definition
| study of organisms and their environments |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of ecosystems that have same climate and dominant communities |
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Term
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Definition
| area on our planet where life exsists |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the living organisms in a particular place and their abiotic surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of different populations in the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| group of organisms that are the same species and live in the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| Self Feeders who provide food for the consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| Rely on eating other organisms for their food |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Eats plant and animal remains |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of steps that shows energy transfer between organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Links all food chains in an ecosystem together |
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Term
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Definition
| Special bacteria in soil or on legume plant roots change nitrogen into ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes nitrates back into nitrogen gas |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects biological geological and cheimcal aspects of the biosphere |
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Term
| What happens to the energy organisms consume? |
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Definition
| they gain 10 % the rest is lost as heat |
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Term
| Why can matter recycle in our biosphere? |
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Definition
| Biogeochemical Cycle allows it to |
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Term
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Definition
| Atmosphere, ocean, underground and land |
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Term
| What is responsible for nitrogen fixation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are biogeochemical cycles important? |
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Definition
| Allows matter to recycle through the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| day to day conditions at a particular time and place |
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Term
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Definition
| average year to year conditions of temperatures and precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organism captures and feeds on another organism |
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Term
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Definition
| two species living closely together |
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Term
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Definition
| When both species benefit from the symbiotic relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| natural situation where heat is retained by greenhouse gases |
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Term
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Definition
| series of predictable changes in a community over time |
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