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| This means explaining the archaeological evidence in terms of behavior recorded in the historic and ethnographic record. The advantage is that human behavior in countless types of cultures all over the world has been recorded in ethnographic and historical documents. The disadvantages are that such records are of course always biased, and that the culture you are investigating archaeologically may not be related to any known culture. Another disadvantage is that history and ethnography do not include very much about material culture. Ethnography- A subset of cultural anthropology concerned with the study of contemporary cultures through first-hand observation. |
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| served as economic, political and social institutions. Many houses served as trade centers in the backcountry. Group of structures and activity areas close and dependent on each other. Origin before 1770. Dual domestic/specialized function. Participated in regional economy. Even ceramics and window glass. |
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| Apartment style complex in Chaco Canyon that was believed to be the home of elites and the center of religious life for the Chaco culture |
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| underground ceremonial chambers that serve as centers of all ritual observances in Chaco culture – Great in size |
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| arrangement of settlements on the land. Maintenance of a distinctive relationship between colony and homeland. Unique organization of colonial economy affects distribution of activities—centered on entrepot. Rapid and profound change. pattern of settlement in which the settlement is arranged on the land closely related to the region’s role as a producer of raw agricultural commodities – encourages dispersed settlement but transporting produce within and out of the region promoting immigration and trade |
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| is the name for the skeletal remains of a prehistoric (Paleo-Indian) man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, USA on July 28, 1996. The discovery of Kennewick Man was accidental. One of the most complete ancient skeletons ever found, bone tests have shown the skeleton to be somewhere between 5650 and 9510 years old. These findings triggered a nine-year legal clash between scientists, the federal government and Native American tribes who claim Kennewick Man as their ancestor. |
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| large Georgian mansion that symbolized the success of owner Joseph Kershaw in Candem’s economy – was enclosed by a palisade – marked the location of the old town – used as a base for household life in Lewis’ study for comparisons – studied before Lewis’ excavations – used as a headquarters for British troops during the war – burnt down during the federal occupation in February 1865 – four structures near the house suggest 4 separate households which formed an integrated complex |
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| NAGPRA (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act): |
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| requiring federal agencies and institutions that receive federal funding[1] to return Native American "cultural items" to their respective peoples. Cultural items include human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. In addition, the Act establishes a program of federal grants to assist in the repatriation process. Native American nations claimed that remains and artifacts have spiritual purpose. |
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| New approach advocated in the 1960s which argued for an explicitly scientific framework of archaeological method and theory, with hypotheses rigorously tested, as the proper basis for explanation rather than simply description |
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| post-processual archaeology |
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| explanation formulated in reaction to the perceived limitations of functional processual archaeology. It eschews generalization in favor of an individualizing approach that is influenced by structuralism, critical theory, and neo-Marxist thought |
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