Term
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Definition
a) Functionalist
b) Concepts of social structure
c) Felt focus of social scientist not on the individual but the institutions the individual uses to make sense of his world
i) These institutions live past any individual |
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Term
| Sentimental Commitment to Social Roles |
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
a) No society has enough resources to impose its will on an individual therefore external force is never going to be enough to hold a society together
i) Society needs to make us internalize our social rules
ii) Called sentimental commitment to social rule
(1) Smoke dubbie 40000 wont need to worry about police
iii) At some level all of us agree that there is as good thing to these rules
(1) Need to be emotionally involved in these rules |
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Term
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
i) When rules are internalized
ii) Roles define behavior within a particular social context
(1) At some point expected to play the role of father
(2) In other context play the role of friend
(3) These roles change throughout the day
(4) Roles change for setting and know when this happens
iii) Such roles are not an individual choice
(1) Do not decide what the role of a father is
(2) They predate us so we must follow what society says about the role
iv) Roles form a network relationships with other roles |
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Term
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
-Way society gets you to feel about certain social roles
-Gets you an emotional investment
pair positive symbols with positive values, neg with neg |
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Term
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
-refers to the pattern of social relationships in a society
-as contributing to the functioning of society as a whole |
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Term
| Symbols roles etc. connected |
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
-everything in society is connected to give us a world view |
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Term
| World and Social Structures |
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Definition
Radcliffe-Brown
-social structures is how individuals know the world |
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Term
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Definition
-Wrote Priests and programmers
-Looked and the Bale people on mountain
b) Dutch tried to settle this area and liked their irrigation
i) Terrace farming
c) Assumed that they could apply European ideals to the island society
d) Believed that the government was set up that the leaders controlled the irrigation system
i) Dutch forgot to look at the temple system of religion
e) Thought that their was a feudal order
i) Pyramid all the way down system |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-Thought Balinese government was setup so leaders controlled irrigation
-assumed that they could apply European ideals
-forgot to look at temple religion |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
i) Heart of our system of government
ii) Contract with government
(1) Says we give up some rights but gov. guarantees other fundamental rights
iii) Dutch assumed that the taxes collected by king were used to maintain the irrigation system |
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Term
| Ethnocentrism of Dutch/ Green Revolution |
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Definition
-Lansing
-Dutch made assumptions and tried to input their own people and it didnt work so they left and bale became own government
-Green Revolution
-give 3rd world countries modern farming
-leaders wanted to move to cash crop farming
-used hybrid rice variety
-pest loved new crop so needed ew expensive pesticides
-experts said should plant all the time and ignore normal religion calendar; allowed for more pests
-Ended up with a reduction in amount of rice |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
i) Bale society held together by it
ii) Logic of irrigation is so closely linked to social system they form a unified system that holds society together
iii) Irrigation system is what is holding social society together |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-Ritual and religion creates and defines the social relationships in the context of productive activities
-Religion creates social units that have an economic function |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-Bale people payed by working on the irrigation system and keeping it in tact |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-At every split in irrigation system there is a temple that is worshiped
-the people worship this one as well as the ones above it |
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Term
| Up Stream vs. Down Stream |
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Definition
-Lansing
-lower temples have less important gods and calendars that are shorter
-the farther up you go the more important the gods get, the longer the calendars, and the more roofs temples have
-people below all worship higher temples also temples cross kingdoms so people in different kingdoms worship and work on the same temples
-Each temple represents a wider circle of society |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-Highest God of the temple crater lake(highest temple)
-Everyone is a member of this temple |
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Term
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Definition
-Lansing
-Holy water religion
3) Life and death is encompassed by the symbolism of water
a) Life is on top
b) Bottom is death and rebirth
c) Water fuses the 2 together
4) Upstream temples are considered holier
a) Encompasses more people
5) Upstream temple will never accept water from downstream temples |
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Term
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Definition
-Coined historical materialism
-9) Says everything about a society ultimately comes down to its material base
a) Going to govern all aspects of that society
10) He is considered a dialectical thinker
a) Believes that 2 things will cause each other simultaneously
b) 2 way causation
11) people are in a dialectical relationship with society
a) we are formed by the way we grow up in society but are able to change society
b) views of how we grow up like in the 50’s
12) society is in a dialectical relationship with the natural world
a) governed by the nature but able to change it around themselves
b) say you find yourself in the middle of the desert
i) could not be a farming community
c) if there is no agriculture there is very low stratification in society
i) number of society groups |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
11) people are in a dialectical relationship with society
a) we are formed by the way we grow up in society but are able to change society
b) views of how we grow up like in the 50’s
12) society is in a dialectical relationship with the natural world
a) governed by the nature but able to change it around themselves
b) say you find yourself in the middle of the desert
i) could not be a farming community
c) if there is no agriculture there is very low stratification in society
i) number of society groups
e)we can change the natural world to the society that we want |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-When society interacts with natural world
-it is the economy
-way nature and society interacts determines type of economic structure
-implies a certain type of economy
-the economic system then determines social organizations
-those social organizations determines societies ideology
-all determined by what the 'term' decides |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-Material and technology necessary to keep mode of production
-Possible for a society to have technology that is not apart of this
-Owning a plow but not being in an agricultural society
-includes things like cars, trucks, computers, fossil fuels etc. |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-process by which the individual interacts with the world in order to make a living |
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Term
| Cultural Evolution and Rationality |
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Definition
-Marx
3)He feels that when societies move up the evolutionary scale, what is happening the mode of production is changing.
a)Everything about that society changes
b)Every stage is more rational than the previous stage
i)This doesn’t mean the society is better
c)They are better at exploiting natural resources |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-becomes possible for one segment of society to take that and life off of it without doing anything else
-Non productive segment of society is going to justify itself through the use of ideology |
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Term
| Inequality Justification (Marx) |
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Definition
| -Segment that takes surplus says its OK because of ideology. |
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Term
| Change in Mode of Production |
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Definition
-Marx
-Thesis
-Old ideology
-Anti-Thesis
-Criticism of old social order
-Lower class starts a revolution and thesis and anti-thesis are combined into a new hybrid
-new 'Term' is produced
-Once established a new anti-thesis is created and cycle starts over
-causes an upward trending 'Term' |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-Most advanced mode of production
-doesn't mean its the best |
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Term
| Institutions Destroyed (Marx) |
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Definition
-gets rid of all non productive parts of society
-division of values and society are all predicated n the production of goods
-anything that hinders production are rejected
-things like family togetherness
-social issues not about money are destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-People who own stuff
-looked as superior because able to make money
-own the means of production |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-working class
-looked as inferior because of their own doing |
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Term
| Specialization and Division of Labor |
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Definition
-Marx
iii)what makes democracy rational
(1) Individuals are now specialized to do one and only one type of activities
(a)You cant be general about what you can do it is not efficient
(2) Only need to know how to do one thing
(a)This is like the assembly line
(3) This is more efficient
iv) Workers no longer own the tools to make a product but instead know one little part of the final product
v) This labor is going to be bought and sold on an open market
(1) Workers sell this labor
-Divided because are able to do one job and there are many jobs to do with some owning all the modes of production |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-due to the specialization do not feel a connection to your work and the world
-capitalism is so efficient at producing goods causes this |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-In capitalism, we begin to see ourselves as a tool that we can sell
-This is because our mode of production looks at everything as a way to make profit
c) Determines who is more value
i) Hour it cost to see doctor vs hour with plumber
d) When we see the world this way and we begin to do so
i) Increasingly we look at everything as a commodity
ii) People will try to make things seen as a commodity
e) This makes us then an appendage of a machine
f) This logic of production then makes everything for sale
i) Like religion, social networks, jobs, etc. |
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Term
| Removing Divisions between Workers (Marx) |
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Definition
-Because the rich are in completion with each other, if you are not expanding then you are no longer winning
-Need to keep growing or you will be pushed down in society
-Why Bill Gates Keeps Working
-Society will continue to expand even the parts that were originally seen as not possible
-Because capitalism as a mode of production continues to expand it will eventually become a world system that is used by everyone
-as it expands internal contradictions wont be apparent until everything is taken over by it
-PEOPLE IN THE WORKING CLASS WILL THEN VIEW THEMSELVES AS THE SAME BECAUSE ARE SELLING THE SAME LABOR |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-When capitalism has completely taken over then then revolution will begin
-caused because the more rational capitalism becomes the more the separation between upper and lower class is and the separation of labor diminishes |
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Term
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Definition
-Marx
-Final stage
-This final anti-thesis will hopefully satisfy everyone
-Can start think of us as people again and not as commodities |
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