Term
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Definition
| conditioning theory (w/ dogs & saliva) |
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Term
| Acquisition (conditioning) |
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Definition
| acquiring a conditioned response |
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Term
| Extinction (conditioning) |
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Definition
| ending a conditioned response |
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Term
| Higher-Order Conditioning |
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Definition
| a neutral stimulus is conditioned to be connected w/ another conditioned stimulus, which is in turn connected to a primary stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| an extinct conditioned response becomes active |
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Term
| Stimulus Discrimination/Generalization |
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Definition
discrimination ex: reinforcement/punishment differences b/w social scenarios
generalization ex: a dog is both a rottweiller & a schauzer |
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Term
| Applications of classical/operant conditioning |
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Definition
| quitting cigarettes or drugs by conditioning cigarettes w/ vomitting. |
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Term
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Definition
operant conditioning chamber experiments w/ rats & pigeons (test for ex, how often rat pulled lever if lever gave food or ____)
theories on reinforcement |
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Term
| Thorndike & Law of Effect |
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Definition
learning a pleasing after-effect strengthens connection to learn again.
ex, cat solves puzzle faster 2nd time. |
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Term
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Definition
| by Skinner - giving + reinforcement for every step along the way. |
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Term
| Types of Reinforcers (immediate vs delayed, primary vs secondary) |
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Definition
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Term
| Reinforcement vs Punishment - know this good |
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Definition
positive reinforcement - encourage
negative reinforcement - discourage by removing +
positive punishment - discourage by punishing
negative punishment - encourage by removing punishment |
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Term
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Definition
fixed ratio/interval - set # of times or set time passed. good for punishment, which should be consistent
variable ratio/interval - reinforce after variable/'random' # of time or time elapsed. stronger than fixed, because must be working hard all the time, or keep trying even if it doesn't happen once |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| learn something, but don't use it right away. ex: watch parent using corkscrew, use next year (also, rats in a maze, if find food at end for one day) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bandura - Bobo doll experiments |
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Definition
| child seeing adult smashing Bobo doll did the same thing. |
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Term
| Bandura - modeling by observation |
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Definition
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Term
| Bandura - learning theory |
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Definition
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Term
implications of modeling
models of aggression |
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Definition
| lots of studies on violent media effects on children! some changes to rating systems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| memory - how we encode, store, retrieve info |
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Definition
| encode, store, & retrieve! encoding is receiving & processing, storing is placing it somewhere, & retrieving is getting it back! |
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Term
| memory - automatic vs effortful processing |
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Definition
automatic - lots & lots of inputs all the time!
effortful - can only really focus on one thing at a time |
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Term
| memory - techniques to help encode & retrieve |
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Definition
| to help retrieve, strengthen mental links by repetition or... |
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Term
| memory - types of amnesia |
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Definition
| post tramautic, dissociative, lacunar, childhood, transient global, source, blackout, drug induced.......... |
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Term
| forensice psychology lecture! motivations for murder, polygraph testing, risk assessments.. |
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Definition
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Term
Social Psychology -
attribution theory |
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Definition
| often attribute things to people because of their inherent personality |
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Term
Social Psychology -
fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| attribute to people rather than scenario |
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Term
| Zimbardo's Prison Experiments |
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Definition
roles of guards & prisoners
the students adapted to roles & guards actually enacted harsh tactics & psychological torture on 'prisoners' |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Stanley Milgram & Obedience Studies |
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Definition
| this is the one where people shocked other people & did it! |
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Term
| Asch & Obedience/conformity |
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Definition
| vision test - which 2 lines match in length? all but one 'participants' were confederates & sometimes chose wrong length. many real participants also gave wrong answer(32%ish) |
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Term
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Definition
| do things better when in presence of others! |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Prejudice & Just-World Phenomenon |
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Definition
| related to atribution theory; people deserve what they get |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when watched, or in presence of others, people do better at things they're good at (or tasks that are easy) |
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Term
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Definition
| basically, people avoid doing things in social groups for X reason |
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Term
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Definition
| people in group exert less effort than when working alone |
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Term
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Definition
| people pursue short term individual gains, but result in bad for group long term |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Psychoanalysis - Freud
Humanistic
CBT/Social Cognitive |
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- basic view of mankind |
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Definition
| human behavior, experience, and cognition are largely determined by irrational, unconscious drives; |
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- id, ego, super ego |
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Definition
id - pleasure drive
ego - reality (can I get?)
super ego - morality & self criticism |
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- freud's psychosexual stages of development |
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Definition
-12 oral explore w/ mouth
12-3 anal potty training
3-6 phallic love opp. gender parent
6-12 latent no sex drive
12-18+ genitals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- personality development |
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Definition
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- defense mechanisms |
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Definition
| denial, projection, displacement, identification, rationalization, reaction formation |
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- projective testing |
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Definition
| ink blots & story telling? |
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Term
Pyschoanalysis
- criticisms & modern implications |
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Definition
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Term
Humanistic
- Abraham Maslow |
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Definition
| - hierarchy of needs & positive qualities of people |
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Term
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Definition
| just focus more on people, their needs, & making them happy |
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Term
Humanistic
- Self- actualization |
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Definition
| basically someone's purpose, fulfillment in life. people only focus on this when lower needs are fulfilled. |
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Term
Humanistic
- Basic view of mankind |
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Definition
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Term
Humanistic
- non-specific therapy variables (genuineness, etc) |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- basic view of mankind |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- ABC model |
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Definition
| activating event, beliefs about event, consequences |
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Beck |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Meichenbaum |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Bandura |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Stress inoculation |
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Definition
| training on how to deal w/ stress |
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Albert Ellis |
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Definition
| RET, rational emotive therapy |
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- RET |
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Definition
| rational emotive therapy - help people solve emotional & behavior problems to lead happier life |
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- DBT |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Schemas |
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Definition
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Collaborative empiricism |
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Definition
| therapist propose hypthothesis, helps client test it |
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Term
CBT/Social Cognitive
- Core beliefs/automatic thoughts |
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Definition
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Term
| Psychopathology (for each, prevalence & etiology, symptoms & treatment for) |
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Definition
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Term
Mood disorders:
Major Depression |
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Definition
| 8-12% treated by antidepressants, therapy, electric shocks. more likely in women |
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Term
Mood disorders:
Bipolar disorder |
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Definition
| high & lows. 2-4%. treated by medication & treatment |
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Term
Anxiety disorders
types of disorders (GAD, OCD, specific phobia, panic disorder, PTSD, etc) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| .3-.7%. emerges early adulthood, late adolescence |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-3%, mostly mild. appears before adulthood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| contemporary research on personality - seligmann, cattell, objective tests |
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Definition
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