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FINAL PHARM
PHARM FINAL
37
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
05/05/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the factors affecting absorption?
Definition
Food
Blood flow + health status
Stomach pH
Other Drugs
Term
Direct-acting cholinergic drugs works on:
Definition
Receptor (muscarinic)
Term
Indirect-acting cholinergic drugs works on:
Definition
Enzyme (anticholinesterase)
Term
Cholinergic toxicity is caused by:
Definition
Too much Ach
Wild mushrooms, Organophosphate poisoning/exposure, nerve gases
Term
Cholinergic Toxicity symptoms
Definition
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urine Flow (alot)
Diarrhea
Gi Upset
Emesis
Term
Antidote to cholinergic toxicity:
Definition
Atropine
Term
Prevention tactics due to cholinergic symptoms:
Definition
Dim lights, Night light (basically monitor vision.
Term
Assessment of heart and lungs in cholinergic drugs:
Definition
Term
Toxicity of anticholinergic findings:
Definition
SOB, Flushed, Tachycardia, dizziness
Term
CNS changes in elderly due to anticholinergic drugs:
Definition
psychosis
Term
Relationship between anticholinergic drugs and glaucoma
Definition
Increases pressure by dilating pupils
Term
S&S of Anticholinergics
Definition
(Dry) tachycardia, constipation, urine retention, dilated pupils, psychosis (in elderly)
Term
What does the beta 1, beta 2, alpha 1.
What does alpha 2 do?
Definition
Beta 1: Heart
Beta 2: Lungs
Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction
Alpha 2: Inhibits release of norepinephrine
Term
What adverse effect could occur using a non-selective beta blocker
Definition
Hyperventilation (therefore no USAGE in ASTHAMATICS)
Term
What would you use beta blockers for?
Definition
Cardiac Dysrythmias, Chest Pain, HTN
Term
Side effects of Beta Blockers
Definition
Bradycardia
Term
Relation of diabetes/Beta blockers
Definition
Cannot use, mask signs of hypoglycemia
Term
Drug interactions beta blockers
Definition
Digoxin and calcium channel blockers..
Term
Ace Inhibitor usage?
Definition
HTN, heart failure
Term
Why is there a cough with ace inhibitors?
Definition
The ace enzyme breaks down bradykinin. This buildup causes the dry, unproductive cough.
Term
What's the difference between ACE and ARB
Definition
ACE blocks the enzyme, ARB blocks receptor. Therefore there is no buildup of bradykinin (cough)
Term
What are the antihypertensive effects of calcium channel blockers?
Definition
relaxation of cardiac smooth muscle; decreased contractility--> vasodilation--> decreased BP
Term
What do diuretics do?
Definition
excrete water and sodium from the body.
Term
Dangers of diuretics with Lithium?
Definition
Lithium acts as a salt which can lead to toxicity because the tubules will hold on to Lithium while excreting Potassium and Sodium.
Term
What is lithium used for..?
Definition
Bipolar Disorder
Term
What is the extent of first pass effect of digoxin
Definition
NONE! there is no 1st pass effect
Term
CNS stimulants are used to treat:
Definition
adhd, narcolepsy, obesity and migraines
Term
CNS depressants uses:
Definition
Anesthesia, muscle spasms, pain anxiety insomnia + seizure disorders
Term
Serotonin syndrome looks like:
Definition
Shake + bake (fever and tremors)
Term
Why are triptans (cns drugs) used?
What do they do?
Definition
Migraines
Increase Serotonin
Term
ADHD are used for?
Definition
ADHD and narcoleptics
Term
Sympathomimetics are used for obesity because what?
Definition
They supress appetite!
Term
How often do you check PTT?
Definition
6 hrs
Term
The antidote for Heparin??
Definition
PROTAMINE SULFATE
Term
Warfarin Side effects:
Definition
Bleedinng (minor/major)
Skin necrosis
Term
Warfarin OD antidote:
Definition
Vitamin K
Term
Patient teaching for warfarin:
Definition
Be consistent with foods high in Vit K (It IS the antidote by the way)
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