Term
What is our common MOA?
Beta Lactams
Penicillins and Cephalosporins |
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Definition
| Competitive inhibitors of D-alanine as a transpeptidase substrate in the final step of bacterial cell wall synthesis=no cell wall= cannot maintain osmotic pressure=burst |
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Term
Are we bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Penicillins |
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Definition
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Term
What is the drug of choice for prevention of bacterial endocarditis?
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Definition
Amoxicillin
2g PO 1 hour prior to treatment |
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Term
What is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to penicillins?
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Definition
Destruction of the beta lactam ring by beta lactamase
beta lactamase cleaves the bond between nitrogen and the carboxyl |
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Term
What is my MOA and what type of infections am I prescribed for?
Augmentin (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
(Zosyn= piperacillin/tazobactom is also used) |
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Definition
Forms covalent bond to beta lactamase active site= suicide inhibitor
prescribed for bacterial infections expressing beta lactamase |
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Term
What are we prescribed to treat?
Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Telavancin |
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Definition
| MRSA (methicillin resistant staph. aureus) |
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Term
Who are we?
We are the semisynthetic narrow spectrum beta-lactamase resistant penicillins |
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Definition
| Methicillin and Dicloaxacillin |
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Term
Who are we?
We are modified beta lactam antibiotics with the same MOA as penicillins
our side chain modifications produce differences in spectrum
as you increase our coverage shifts more to gram negative bacilli than gram positive cocci |
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Definition
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Term
What is our MOA?
Fluoroquinolones
(such as Ciprofloxacin= Cipro which is a 2nd generation) |
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Definition
Prevent DNA supercoiling by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase (inhibits DNA synthesis and integrity)
increased CNS toxicity with NSAIDs
kill vit. K producing gut-flora |
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Term
Who am I and what is my MOA?
I am a combo drug of:
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethorpim |
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Definition
Bactrim
sulfamethoxazole= inhibits bacterial syntehsis of tetrahydrofolic acid (important for production of nucleosides and nucleotides)
Trimethoprim= inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase |
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Term
Who are we? (we have a common ending)
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
reversibly bind to the P site of 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibits translocation of ribosome along mRNA, inhibits RNA-depedent protein synthesis, stimulates dissociation of peptidyl t-RNA from the ribosome
we are bacteriostatic
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Definition
"Mycins"
Macrolides: with a macrocyclic lactone ring
such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azitromycin
Lincosamides: Cleocin(clindamycin)
good penetration into bone and soft tissue
can cause pseudomembranous colitis (c. difficile)
prevention of bacterial endocarditis |
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Term
Who are we and what do we treat?
Our MOA: bacterial protein synthesis inhibition via binding to 30s ribosomal subunit and prevents addition of new amino acids to translating peptide chain
We are bacteriostatic |
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Definition
Tetracyclines
treats periodontal disease, syphilis, leptospirosis, and lyme disease
can cause discoloration of permanent teeth and sun-sensitivty |
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Term
Who am I?
My MOA: nitro group is reduced to metabolites that inhibit DNA polymerase
Bactericidal
Only works in anaerobic environment
Used for acute orofacial infections and periodontitis |
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Definition
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Term
What is my MOA?
Zyvox (linezolid) |
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Definition
protein synthesis inhibitor
binds to a site on the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit and prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex
Mild MAO inhibitor properties (be careful of serotonin syndrome) |
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Term
| What does CANAL stand for in emergencies? |
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Definition
C= Cardiac
A= Airway
N= Neurological
A= Allergic and drug reaction
L= Loss of consciousness |
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Term
These are the Core 8 emergency drugs. What is their usage?
Albuterol
Ammonia inhalants
Aspirin
Diphenhydramine
Epinephrine (1:1000)
Glucose
Nitroglycerin
Oxygen |
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Definition
Albuterol= bronchodilater (beta2 agonist)= asthma/bronchospasm
Ammonia= syncope
Aspirin=antiplatelet/anticoagulation= MI
Diphenhydramine= antihistamine= allergic reactions/anaphylaxis
Epinephrine= anaphylaxis and bronchospasm
Glucose= if conscious use tablet or gel, if not= use glucagon injection
Nitroglycerin= chest pain (angina)
Oxygen= almost any emergency |
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Term
When would you use me?
Atropine |
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Definition
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Term
When would you use me?
Ephedrine
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Definition
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Term
When would you use me?
Hydrocortisone |
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Definition
| adrenal insufficiency and recurrent anaphylaxis |
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Term
When would you use me?
Morphine |
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Definition
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Term
When would you use me?
Naloxone |
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Definition
| reversal of opioid overdose |
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Term
When would you use us?
Lorazepam and Midazolam |
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Definition
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Term
When would you use me?
Flumazenil |
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Definition
| GABAa antagonist for benzodiazepine overdose |
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Term
Which of these terms means that it is a drug requring a prescription?
Legend or Non-Legend Drugs |
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Definition
| Legend Drugs require a prescription |
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Term
What do these abbreviations mean?
AC
PC
BID
TID
QID
GTT(s)
PRN
Q4H |
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Definition
AC= before meals
PC= after meals
BID= twice daily
TID= three times daily
QID= four times daily
GTT(s)= drop(s)
PRN= as needed
Q4H= every four hours |
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