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Final made by Randy Wieczorek
made by Randy
92
Science
8th Grade
05/31/2009

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Term
Compound
Definition
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined
Term
Formula
Definition
A combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest particle of an element
Term
Weight
Definition
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
Term
Mass
Definition
A measure of how much matter is in an object
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount of space that matter occupies
Term
Density
Definition
The measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume
Term
Chemical bond
Definition
The force that holds two atoms together
Term
Solid
Definition
A state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape
Term
Liquid
Definition
A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape
Term
Gas
Definition
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
Term
Charles's Law
Definition
The relationship between temperature and Volume of a gas at a constant pressure;when temperature increases, volume increases
Term
Boyle's Law
Definition
The relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at a constatnt temperature; when volume increases, pressure decreases
Term
Directly Proportional
Definition
A term used to describe two the relationship between two variables whose graph is a staright line passing through the point (0,0)
Term
Vary Inversely
Definition
A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph forms a curve that slopes downward from left to right
Term
Thermal Energy
Definition
The total energy of a substance's or material's particles due to their movement or vibration
Term
Nucleus
Definition
The central core of of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons
Term
Proton
Definition
Small, positively charged particles in the neucleus of an atom
Term
Neutron
Definition
Small, uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Electron
Definition
A tiny, negatively charged, high-energy particle that moves in the space outside the nucleus of an atom
Term
Atomic Mass Unit
Definition
A unit of measurement for the mass of particles in atoms
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
The number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Electron Dot Diagram
Definition
A representation of the number of valence electrons in an atom, using dots placed around the symbol of an element
Term
Valence Electron
Definition
The electrons thata are the farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and involved in chemical reactions
Term
Isotope
Definition
an atom with the same number of protrons and different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element
Term
Electron Cloud
Definition
The area around an atomic nucleus where an electron will probably be
Term
Family
Definition
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table;also called a group
Term
Period
Definition
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Term
Malleable
Definition
A term used to describe material that can be pounder or rolled into shape
Term
Ductile
Definition
A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire
Term
Diatomic Molecule
Definition
A molecule composed of two atoms
Term
Noble Gas
Definition
An element in Group 18 of the periodic table
Term
Halogen Family
Definition
The elements in Group 17 of the periodic table
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
The attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Term
Reference Point
Definition
A place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion
Term
Motion
Definition
The state in which one object's distance from another is changed
Term
Speed
Definition
The distance an object travels in one unit of time
Term
Velocity
Definition
Speed in a given direction
Term
Slope
Definition
The steepness, or slant, of a line on a graph
Term
Acceleration
Definition
The rate at which velocity changes
Term
Force
Definition
A push or pull exerted on an object
Term
Friction
Definition
A force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other
Term
Inertia
Definition
The tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place
Term
Gravity
Definition
the force that pulls objects toward each other
Term
Balanced Forces
Definition
Equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions
Term
Slidding Friction
Definition
Friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another
Term
Rolling Friction
Definition
Friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface
Term
Fluid Friction
Definition
Friction that occurs as an object moves through liquid
Term
Centripetal Force
Definition
A force that causes an object to move in a circle
Term
Centripetal Force
Definition
Term
Work
Definition
The product of force and distance when a force is uded to move an object
Term
Joule
Definition
a unit of work = to 1 newton per meter
Term
Ideal Mechanical Advantage
Definition
the mechanical advantage a machine would have without friction
Term
Actual Mechanical Advantage
Definition
The mechanical advantage a machine provides in a real situation
Term
Efficeny
Definition
The percentage of input work that is coverted to output work
Term
Inclined Plane
Definition
a simple machine consisting of a flat surface with one end higher than the other
Term
Wheel and Axle
Definition
a simple machine consisting of two circular or cylindircal objects that are fastened together and roattae about a common axis
Term
Wedge
Definition
A simple machine consisting of a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other
Term
Pulley
Definition
A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable
Term
Screw
Definition
A simple machine consisting of an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral
Term
Lever
Definition
A simple machine consisting ofa rigid object that ivots about a fixed point
Term
Power
Definition
The rate at which one form of energy is converted into another
Term
Energy
Definition
The ability to do work or cause changew
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
The energy of motion
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
The energy that is stored and held in readiness
Term
Gravitational Potential Energy
Definition
Potential Energy that depends on the height of an object
Term
Mechanical Energy
Definition
Kinetic or potential energy associated with the the motion or position of an object
Term
Energy Conversions
Definition
The process of changing one form of enrgy to another
Term
Rotation
Definition
The spinning of Earth on it's axis
Term
Revolution
Definition
The movement of one object around another
Term
Orbit
Definition
The path that Earth takes as it revolves around the Sun
Term
Lunar Eclipse
Definition
An eclipse that occurs during full moon where Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon
Term
Solar Eclipse
Definition
An eclipse occuring during new moon that occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun and blocks sunlight from reaching Earth
Term
Mass
Definition
The amount of matter in an object
Term
Weight
Definition
The force of gravity on an object
Term
Inertia
Definition
The tendency of an object to resist change in motion
Term
Crater
Definition
Large round pits on the Moon's surface that was formed by the impacts of meteroids
Term
Maria
Definition
Dark flat areas on the surface of the moon formed by the remains of Volcanic eruptions over 3 billion years ago
Term
Geostationary Orbit
Definition
Orbit where a sattelite moves over Earth's equator at the same speed Earth rotates thus it stays over the same place all time
Term
Ellipse
Definition
The shape of the planets' orbit it is oval
Term
Astronomical Unit
Definition
Earth's average distance from the sun
150 million kilometers
Term
Nucleur Fusion
Definition
When two atomic nuclei combine, forming a larger more massive nucleus, and releasing energy
Term
Photosphere
Definition
What some call the surface of the sun it is the inner layer
Term
Chromosphere
Definition
The middle sphere of the Sun's atmosphere. Also called the color sphere
Term
Solar Wind
Definition
The end of the corona which is million of charged particles
Term
Electromagnetic Radiation
Definition
Energy that can travel through space in the form of waves
Term
Hertzprung-Russel Diagram
Definition
A diagram comparing the absolute brightness, color, and surface temperature of stars
Term
White Dwarf
Definition
The core of a recently destroyed blue-white star. The size of Earth with as mush mass as the Sun
Term
Neutron Star
Definition
The remains of high mass stars. They are smaller and denser than white dwarfs
Term
Black Whole
Definition
an object with gravity so strong that no object, even light can escape. They are formed when some massive stars die
Term
Galaxy
Definition
a huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
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