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| "Tuscalan Disputations" says that Greeks thought math was the bomb but Romans only what it for practical uses. |
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| "the last of the Romans and the first of the Scholastics" wrote The Consolation of Philosophy.De Institutione Arithmetica. |
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| "witch of Agnesi" the versed sine curve or versiera |
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| Johann Widmann and Vander Hoecke |
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| 44 B.C., the daggers f Brutus, Cassius, and their fellow conspirators brought an abrupt end to the reign of Julius Caesar |
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| Any equation in one or more unknowns that is to be solved for integral values of the unknown |
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| Arabian capital on the Tigris River |
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| Arabic mathematican who developed an algebra of radicals and introduced irrational roots of quadratic equations |
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| Author of "Hisab al-jabr w'al muqabalah" that Europe became acquainted with the Hindu numerals and the algebraic approach to mathematics.1-9 makes use of zero |
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| Book on the Measurement of the Conic Section Called Parabolic. Drew attention to the fact Ptolemy's Almagest was wrong. |
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| Caesar's grandnephew also called Augustus ruled the West. Ruled the land through military commandar |
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| Church father said "If something bad happened in Alexandria then it would be blamed on the church." |
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| Die Coss first occurrence of square root sign |
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| Fibonacci's book dedicated to solving equations of the second degree |
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| Fra Luca di Borga, wrote Summa de Arithmetica Geometria Proportioni et Proportionalita most influential mathematical book of that period. |
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| Hindu mathematician investigated the summation of arithmetic and geometric series. Wrote the Aryabhatiya, in which he calculated the value of pie. |
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| Indian Mathematician, Wrote Siddhanta Siromani, two parts(lilavati and Vaijaganita)one dedicated to his daughter, all addressing her. |
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| It is impossible to find a general formula for the roots of a polynomial equation of degree five or higher if the formula for the solution is allowed to use only arithmetic operations and extraction of roots. Printed in August Leopold Crelle Journal. |
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| Jalalian calendar; mastery of the geometrical theory of the third degree equations, which may be regarded as the most successful accomplishment of an Arabic mathematician. |
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| Johannes Muller, named after Konigsberg, wrote De Triangulis(on Triangles of All Kinds) Made trigonometry its own branch of mathematics.Created two calenders and a private printing press in his home. Wrote Ephemerides Astronomicae |
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| Liber Abaci popularized the Hindu- Arabic decimal system. |
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| Many special equations existed that were solvable by radicals, and the characterization of these remained an open question;however,Augustin-Louis Cauchy forget to read or lost his work. Not until after his death did Joseph Liouville find and publish it. |
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| Milan. wrote "Aro Magna" cubic solutions he stole from Tartaglia. First to present complex numbers. Father was a lawyer.Studied medicine instead of law. Gambler. |
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| Octavian's General who won the naval battle at Actium off the west coast of Greece in 31 B.C. against Mark Antony |
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| Ruled the East in association with Cleopatra. Commits suicide after being defeated and ends the Ptolemaic dynasty. |
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| Started the fight between Leibniz and Newton |
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| The advisor to Charlemagne, set up a monastery- based education system |
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| The cattle Problem, but John Pell did not solve it; A Amthor tried and got closer, A.H. Bell got closer, H.C. Williams, R.A. German, and C.R. Zarnke solved it using a computer |
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| Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art |
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| The earliest known Chinese work on mathematics |
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| The first Roman emperor to adhere personally to the Christian faith. Forced to move capital to Istanbul |
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| The first mathematician to work with imaginary numbers. Wrote "Algebra" all his problems were abstract. |
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| The location of an observatory set up by al- Ma'mum; here al-Knowarizmi and ibn Qurra revised the astronomical tables in the Almagest |
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| The original inventor of logarithms |
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| The originator of syncopated algebra. Wrote Arithmetica. No negatives, after one answer he would stop. |
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| The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. Each planet moves around its orbit, not uniformly, but in such a way that a straight line drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals 3. The squares of the times required for any two planets to make complete orbits about the sun are proportional to the cubes of their mean distances from the sun. |
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| The words of the Scripture have more authority than the whole human intellect. |
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| Treatise on the Circumference expounded on the use of decimal fractions, got pie right to 16 decimal places |
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| Wrote "the Grounde of Artes" "The Pathewaie of Knowledge" and "The Whetstone of Witte" enjoyed the widest popularity but not the first. contained the = sign |
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| a devout Christian, promulgated laws closing all the pagan temples in the empire and forbidding the exercise of pagan ceremonies of any kinf, even those conducted in the privacy of their home. |
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| a durable peace the like of which had not previously been seen over so large an area and has never been seen again. |
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a junior partner in his astronomical research
and offered Kepler the position as his chief assistant |
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| accused Leibniz of plagerism |
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| area of synthetic projective geometry. |
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| assert that the invention of logarithms “by shortening the labors, doubled the life of the astronomer.” |
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| attracted many students to his lectures in his lecture hall. He popularized the cathedral school at Notre Dame center of higher learning, foundation of the University of Paris |
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| criticize and correct the Principia with confidence |
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| decimal fractions were first developed |
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| demise of Greek learning. looked inward toward the soul not outward at the universe |
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| demonstrated the circulatory route of the blood from the heart through arteries and veins by way of the lungs |
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| developed the solution to quartic(fourth- degree) equations; pupil of Cardano |
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| Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz |
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develops the theory of permutations
and combinations for the purpose of making logical deductions.the invention of calculus more by studying Pascal’s writings than anything else.
an elongated form of the letter S for “sum. |
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| did not attempt original research on their own account, they were engaged in preserving and multipling copies of the works antiquity |
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discovered that the planets move in elliptical orbits about the sun. the first to enunciate clearly the principle of continuity. the volume of
a sphere to be one-third the product of the radius and the surface area.the title of Imperial Mathematician from
the Emperor Rudolf |
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| discovered the isochronism(equality of time) of the pendulum,show that bodies of the same material but different weights fall with equal speed, first to look at the sky systematically with one and to publish findings,four satellites revolving about Jupiter. wrote "Dialogo Sopra Due Massimi Sistemi del Mondo" First Mathematician” of the University of Pisa |
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| extracted square root of 2 |
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first occupant of the Lucasian
chair.theorems
concerned with drawing tangents to curves and finding lengths of curves and the areas bounded by them. A signal precursor of the differential calculus |
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| first was the invention of the mathematical method he called fluxions, but which today is differential calculus; the second was the analysis of white light (sunlight) into lights of different colors, separated in the visible spectrum according to their different refrangibility; third discovery was the conception of the law of universal gravitation |
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| first was the invention of the mathematical method he called fluxions, but which today is differential calculus; the second was the analysis of white light (sunlight) into lights of different colors, separated in the visible spectrum according to their different refrangibility; third discovery was the conception of the law of universal gravitation. designed and constructed the first reflecting telescope. binomial theorem |
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| first writer to use a period as a separator between the integral and fractional parts of a number |
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| Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus |
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| founded a large monastery with the conscious aim of making it a center of Christian learning and scholarship- the first education- oriented monastic house. Wrote Introducation to Devine and Human Writings |
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| founding member of the Royal Society of London. The father of English cryptography. ∞ for “infinity”. Acceptance of negative and imaginary numbers |
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| from the university of Bologna solved solving the cubic equation for the special case x3+ px = q , where p and q are positive. |
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| head of Academy of Plato, wrote Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements |
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| hindu mathematician, introduced negative numbers and developed a rule for obtaining two roots of a quadratic equation. Formula for the area of a cycle quadrilateral |
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| his popularization of Newton’s world system, Elements de la Philosophie de Newton |
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| in power in 146 B.C. banished from Egypt all those scientists and scholars who had not demonstrated their loyalty to him. |
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| independent of Napier, conceived the idea of logarithms |
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| invention of a mechanical computation device based on logarithms—the slide rule. |
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| mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. She was a leader of the neo- Platonic school and opposed christianity and was killed by a mob and burned. |
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| multiplication denoted by a dot. Artis Analyticae Praxis. Greater than and Less than signs. Was famous only for his book on Traveling not mathematics. |
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| new mathematical instrument,napiers bones, and log tables,canons, and common logarithms |
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| nickname was "The stammerer" wrote "Nova Scientia" and "General Trattato di Numeriet Misure" solved cubic equations with the second degree absent. |
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| obtained a very accurate value for the length of a degree on the earth’s meridian; his figure of 69.1 miles varied greatly from the 60 miles Newton had used |
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| printing with a movable type which is an invention that helped provide momentum to the revival of literature in the Renaissance. |
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| progress in projective geometry |
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| remainder Theorem, linear diophantine equation. |
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| set up House of Wisdom, a kind of academy comparable with the Museum at Alexandris |
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| Rene Descartes and Pierre de Fermat |
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simultaneously wedded algebra to geometry, to produce a remarkable innovation, analytic
geometry. |
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| six volume "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" says "condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus. |
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suggested that the new system would be much more convenient if
the logarithm of 1 were 0 and that of 10 were 1 |
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| the current division sign in the book Teutsche Algebra |
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| the first popular textbook |
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| the melding of geometry and algebraic techniques into analytic geometry. the beginning of the alphabet were used for given quantities, and those near the end(especially x ) for the unknown.x,xx,x3,x4 |
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| the most industrious and prolific of the translators from Arabic to Latin |
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| the three dimensional world on a flat canvas and the study of properties of figures that remain unaltered under projection |
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| Emilie de Breteuil, the Marquise du Chˆatelet |
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tutored by Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis (1698–1759) and his young
protege Alexis-Claude Clairaut.a French translation, with detailed commentary, of Newton’s Principia. An interpreter of the accomplishments of others than a creator of original science |
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vowels were to designate
unknown quantities, what we now call variables, and consonants to represent numbers assumed to be given. Literal notation made it possible to build up a general theory of equations |
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| without him there might never have been a Principia. Not only did he furnish the funds for its prompt issue and act as a conciliator between Newton and the Royal Society |
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| worked out a table of sines for every 10 seconds to 15 decimal places |
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| wrote "Arithmetica integra" his 1AAA would mean A3 to us. Negative coefficients in equations |
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| wrote "Micrographia" the earliest large-scale work on the microscopic observation of cellular structure |
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| wrote "Sceptical Chymist" and said “Nature plays the mathematician” |
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| wrote "the Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy" popularized the idea of the Italian Renaissance |
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| wrote Mathematical Classic.deals with indeterminate equations.Roosters and coins. |
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| wrote Mathematical Collection. Three classic problems: the quadrature of the circle, the duplication of the cube, and the trisection of angle. |
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wrote" Opticks" the first treatise on physical
science whose content was based entirely on experimentation; and the culmination |
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