Term
|
Definition
| any substance other than food that affects our bodies and minds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| against the law- always going to have use as a diagnostic category |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over the counter taking recreationally |
|
|
Term
| Three kinds of diagnosic categories |
|
Definition
1. Substance Use
2. Substance Intoxication
3. Substance Withdrawal |
|
|
Term
| A substance use disorder is |
|
Definition
| a disorder in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress |
|
|
Term
| Substance intoxication is |
|
Definition
| a type of substance-induced disorder which is potentially maladaptive and impairing, but reversible, and associated with recent use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the body adjusted to the drug and you need a greater dose to get the same high – depressants, stimulants, etc |
|
|
Term
| Frontal lobes don’t fully develop until age ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two Characteristics of Personality: |
|
Definition
1. Consistency
2. Distinctiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stability over time and situations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual differences in the same situation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unique and enduring pattern of inner experience and external behavior |
|
|
Term
| Personality comes from ____ & ______ |
|
Definition
inherited characteristics -nervous system – fight or flight response and
learned responses to social situations- experiences |
|
|
Term
| General Personality Disorder – all personality disorders have these |
|
Definition
1. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from expectations of the individual’s culture
2. The pattern is inflexible and pervasive
3. The pattern leads to distress and impairment
4. The patterns is stable and long duration
5. The pattern is not sue to another mental illness |
|
|
Term
1. Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from expectations of the individual’s culture.
This includes 2 of the following domains: |
|
Definition
i. Cognition – ways of perceiving self, others and events
ii. Affectivity – range and intensity of emotional responses
iii. Interpersonal Functioning – stability of relationships
iv. Impulse Control – frustration tolerance and coping skills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cluster A: Odd/ Eccentric
Cluster B: Dramatic/ Emotional
Cluster C: Anxious/ Fearful |
|
|
Term
| Cluster A: Odd/ Eccentric |
|
Definition
Paranoid PD
Schizotypal PD
Schizoid PD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suspiciousness; constantly suspicious of others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oddness; Odd speech, behavior or thinking; beyond creativity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotionally flat and disconnected from others; not interested; restricted range of emotions with social detachment |
|
|
Term
| Cluster B: Dramatic/ Emotional |
|
Definition
Antisocial PD
Histrionic PD
Narcissistic PD
Borderline PD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disregard for the rights of others; lack of empathy; disregard of rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constantly in ‘crisis’; manipulative to gain attention; relationships are fragile – constantly need ‘saving’; provocative for attention; low self esteem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manipulative to gain admiration; need others to recognize their strengths, low self esteem; relationships are fragile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no sense of self; always trying to get others to respond to them; very impulsive; easily in crisis; afraid of being alone –dangerous in terms of self harm |
|
|
Term
| Cluster C: Anxious/ Fearful |
|
Definition
Avoidant PD
Dependent PD
Obsessive- Compulsive PD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard to distinguish from social phobia; not acute; fear of rejection accompanied by social withdrawal; hypersensitive to embarrassment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governed by the fear of abandonment; stay in jobs or relationships for fear of being alone; controversial diagnosis – women in abusive relationships – shaped by cycle of abuse? |
|
|
Term
| Obsessive- Compulsive PD – |
|
Definition
| need for order and perfectionism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Repeated unlawful acts
Deceitfulness (eg lying, conning)
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
Irritability & aggressiveness
Reckless disregard for self and others
Consistent irresponsibility
Lack of remorse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specific personality construct that describes a stronger form of antisocial personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| Psychopathy: Biological Factors |
|
Definition
Low serotonin is associated with more aggression and impulsivity
Low activity in frontal lobes – no reasoning
Low arousal and low anxiety – smooth socially and manipulative; no anxiety about lying |
|
|
Term
| Psychopathy: Social and Behavioral Factors |
|
Definition
Modeling or antisocial behaviors in family
Lack of love and support in early childhood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior
Negative (deficit) symptoms - Flat affect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False belief
Incorrect inference
Firmly held without evidence
No one else believes it
Not accepted in culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot possibly be true (someone else’s hand/ Abraham Lincoln) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| could possibly be true (company president) |
|
|
Term
| __% of schizophrenia patients have auditory or visual hallucinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sensory perceptions without external stimulation of the relevant sense organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Circumstantial & Tangential Thinking
Looseness of Associations & Neologisms
Poverty of Thought
Object Chaining, Clanging, Word Salad |
|
|
Term
| Circumstantial Thinking - |
|
Definition
| difficulty differentiating between important info and irrelevant info |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| so circumstantial that you go off on tangents; lose topic |
|
|
Term
| Looseness of Associations – |
|
Definition
| tangents are less logical; might not make the connection out loud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make up words to describe things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unproductive sections of the interview |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| listing things that are similar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| listing things that rhyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| words are coming out but there are no connections and don’t make any sense in the order they are being said |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech
Bizarre Behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spectrum disorder // +1 month |
|
|
Term
| Brief Reactive Psychosis: |
|
Definition
| One of the psychosis symptoms //1 day or >1 month |
|
|
Term
| Schizophreniform disorder: |
|
Definition
| Two Schizophrenia Symptoms // 1 to 6 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two Schizophrenia Symptoms // 1 month ‘active’ phase & 6 months ‘disturbance’ |
|
|
Term
| Schizoaffective disorder: |
|
Definition
| Bridges affective and schizophrenia spectrum disorder – major depressive order, hypomania or mania (winding up or winding down emotions) |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Categories (Spectrum Disorders) |
|
Definition
Delusional disorder
Brief Reactive Psychosis
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prodromal Phase
Active Phase
Residual Phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gradual onset that might not be noticed at first
Social withdrawal, poor performance, odd ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychotic Symptoms // 1+ month
Without medication the person will stay psychotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negative Symptoms/ Attenuated Symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Average age of Schizophrenia onset |
|
Definition
Males – 21 years to meet diagnostic criteria (prodromal and active)
Females – 27 years to meet diagnostic criteria (prodromal and active) |
|
|
Term
| Prognostic Indicators of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
Premorbid Functioning
Age of Onset
Positive Symptoms (Type 1) vs Negative Symptoms (Type 2)
Gender
Treatment Resistant
Regression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functioning before the disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive – delusions and hallucinations, Later onset, better prognosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Negative – may have delusion and hallucinations but the primary symptoms are negative, earlier onset |
|
|
Term
| Negative Symptom Profile (Deficit) |
|
Definition
Apathy
Amotivation
Lack of spontaneity
Blunted/ Flat Affect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cold and Rejecting, but Over Protective
Uses Double-Bind Communication
“A good boy always picks up his room, but you only picked it up after I told you to!”
TOALLY FALSE – NOT ABOUT PARENTING |
|
|
Term
| _____ is the primary Neurotransmitter Involved in Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lifetime prevalence rate of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Positive Emotions
2. Engagement
3. Relationships
4. Meaning
5. Achievements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take time to notice things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having some sort of flow activity; dont think about being happy, skills involved are masked by the task (sports) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive; mutually supportive; average # of close friends = 2.5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sense of coherence; world works in an orderly and unpredictable yet knowable fashion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| having goals or things to achieve; stepwise, reasonable goals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5 things to take inventory of in your life; GOOD MENTAL HEALTH |
|
|
Term
| 5 Skills for Healthy Coping With Others |
|
Definition
1.Ability to reduce stress – breathing exercises
2.Ability to manage emotions
3.Ability to connect with others
4.Ability to use reality testing – determine what is real and what is not
5.Ability to assess Pros and Cons – when making a decision |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 models of Abnormality |
|
Definition
Deviant behavior
Dysfunctional behavior
Distress
Dangerous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
norm violators or deviants
Make people uncomfortable
Can immediately be detected
Negative judgments towards violators
Strong conformity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
preventing an individual from thriving or adapting
Pragmatic or survival value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an individual feels abnormal
Deviation from an ideal life |
|
|
Term
| #1 reason people go to mental heath clinic- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 reason people are unhappy with life- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
engaged in dangerous behavior
Risk of harm to self or others |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 criteria or characteristics that have been used to describe MI? |
|
Definition
Risk of harm to self or others
Poor reality contact
Emotional reactions that are inappropriate to situation
Erratic behavior that shifts unpredictably |
|
|
Term
| Examples of poor reality contact |
|
Definition
Delusions &
Hallucinations |
|
|
Term
| Name three changes in the treatment of MI that were usher in by the advent of anti-psychotic medication. |
|
Definition
Promoted deinstitutionalization
Promoted rehabilitation
Promoted TX goal of discharge |
|
|
Term
| When did anti-psychotic medications become available for use? |
|
Definition
| 1952- discovery of anti-psychotic medication |
|
|
Term
| what two global factors have been used to describe mental illness? |
|
Definition
Complexity of the society
Presumed cause or etiology of the illness |
|
|
Term
| Psychological Assessment - |
|
Definition
| A process of collection, organization, and interpretation of information about a person, their family, or significant others and their situation |
|
|
Term
| Name four components of Psychological Assessment |
|
Definition
Interview is the foundation
Testing (IQ, cognitive, behavioral testing)
Behavioral observations
Review of historical records- |
|
|
Term
| Why is the interview the most important assessment tool? |
|
Definition
| The best way to get to know people is to meet them face-to-face. Under these circumstances, we can see them react to what we do and say, observe as well as listen as they answer, and generally get the sense of who they are. |
|
|
Term
| What is the MSE part of the interview? |
|
Definition
| Mental Status Exam; behavioral observation and some conclusions that cover a number of domains (attitude towards interviewer, appearance, speech, energy, thought content, etc) |
|
|
Term
| Example of Objective Personality Test |
|
Definition
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
|
|
Term
| Example of Projective Personality Test |
|
Definition
| Rorschach Technique (ink blots) and Thematic Apperception Test (telling stories with pictures) |
|
|
Term
| Narcissistic PD Characteristics |
|
Definition
Grandiose sense of self-importance
Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, love
Believes he or she is special and unique
Requires excessive admiration
Sense of entitlement
Interpersonally explorative
Lacks Empathy
Often envious
Often arrogant |
|
|
