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| 1. Which eon includes 85% of Earth’s history? |
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| 2. When was the “Cambrian Explosion?” |
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| 3. When did land plants develop? |
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| 4. When was the Silurian Period? |
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| 5. When was the Pennsylvanian Period? |
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| 6. When was the “Age of Fish?” |
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| 7. What is theorized to have caused the Permian extinction? |
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| 8. When was the rise of the Appalachian Mountains? |
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| 9. Which geological era includes the Cambrian and Devonian Periods? |
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| 10. When was the Jurassic Period? |
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| 11. When did conifers dominate the landscape? |
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| 12. When was the “Age of Reptiles?” |
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| 13. When was the Laramide Orogeny? |
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| 14. When was the rise of the Rocky Mountains? |
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| 15. Which geological era includes the Cretaceous Period? |
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| 16. What is theorized to have caused massive extinctions at the K-T Boundary? |
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| 17. When do angiosperms dominate the landscape? |
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| 18. When were the “Ice Ages?” |
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| 19. When was the rise of the Cascade Mountains? |
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| 20. When is the “Age of Mammals?” |
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| 21. Which geological era includes the Tertiary Period? |
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| 22. We are living in the ___ geological period |
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| 23. When was the Mercator Projection “originated?” |
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| 24. The Mercator Projection is a ___ projection |
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| 25. Which is the most famous map projection? |
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Definition
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| 26. What is the RF scale for the verbal scale “1 inch equals a mile?” |
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| 27. A map that portrays the correct size of continents |
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| 28. A map that portrays the correct shape of continents |
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| 29. Which is the football-shaped map projection? |
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| 30. What areas of the world are best portrayed by a conic projection? |
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| 31. For properly portraying the sphericity of Earth, there is no substitute for a ___ |
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| 32. Lines on a map that connect points of equal atmospheric pressure |
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| 33. A satellite-based system for determining accurate positions on or near the Earth’s surface |
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| 34. Lines on a topographic map joining points of equal elevation |
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| 35. Computer systems designed to collect, store, retrieve, reorganize, analyze, and map geographic data |
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| 36. ___ is frequently used in overlay analysis, where two or more layers of data are superimposed or integrated |
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| 37. A line on a map joining points of equal quantities of precipitation |
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| 38. The darker contour lines on a topographic map |
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| 39. What color are contour lines? |
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| 40. A line joining points of equal temperature on a map |
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| 41. Supercontinent that existed about 225 mya |
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| 42. Greek for “whole land” |
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| 43. Who propounded the theory of seafloor spreading in the early 1960s? |
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Definition
| herry hess and robert dietz |
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| 44. When were hot spots theorized? |
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| 45. A ___ boundary is usually represented by a midocean ridge |
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| 46. Who theorized the “Supercontinent Cycle?” |
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| 133. A large, recognizable assemblage of plants and animals |
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Definition
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| 134. Which climatic pattern is associated with the Tropical Deciduous Forest? |
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Definition
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| 135. Midlatitude grassland characterized by short grasses and bunchgrasses |
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Definition
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| 136. Biome closely associated with D climates |
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Definition
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| 137. Plants that endure seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are called ___ |
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| 138.What is an angiosprem? |
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| 139. A ___ tree is one that experiences an annual period in which all leaves die and usually fall from the tree, due to either a cold season or a dry season |
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Definition
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| 140. A stable plant association of constant composition that is attained through seral stages |
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| 141. Wetlands with trees as part of the climax vegetation |
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Definition
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| 142. Distinguish between forests and woodlands |
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Definition
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| 143. Streamside vegetation that is particularly prominent in arid regions |
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Definition
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| 144. ___ are egg-laying mammals |
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Definition
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| 145. Rainforest fauna is largely ___ |
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Definition
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| 146. Who is credited with the first classical definition of world zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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| 147. What is the name of the zoogeographic region that includes South America? |
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| 148. Fauna is by far the most distinctive of any major zoogeographic region |
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Definition
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| 149. Zoogeographic region dominated by marsupials |
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| 150. What serves as a geographic barrier to separate the Palearctic and Oriental zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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| 151. What is the name of the land bridge that connected the Palearctic and Nearctic zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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| 152. Which is the geographic barrier separating the Ethiopian and Palearctic zoogeographic regions? |
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| Supercontinent that existed about 225 mya |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Who propounded the theory of seafloor spreading in the early 1960s? |
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Definition
| Herry Hess and Robert Dietz |
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Term
| When were hot spots theorized? |
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Definition
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| A ___ boundary is usually represented by a midocean ridge |
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Definition
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| Who theorized the Super-continent cycle? |
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Definition
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| When was the Super continent cycle proposed? |
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| Which convergent plate boundary produces volcanic island arcs? |
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| A ___ is a small-to-medium sized mass of lithosphere that converges with another plate |
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| Which plate boundary is associated with continental volcanic arcs? |
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| The location on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
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| Seismic scale that measures earthquake magnitude |
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| Earthquake scale used to measure large earthquakes (magnitude 7 and higher) |
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| . Seismic scale that measures earthquake intensity |
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| Magma extruded onto the Earth’s surface is called ___ |
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| A ___ can travel down a volcano at speeds of more than 160 km (100 mph) – burning and burying everything in its path |
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Definition
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| Which is the smallest of the volcanic peaks ? |
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| Which is the largest type of volcano? |
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| The ___ of a particular stream is all the area that contributes overland flow, streamflow, and groundwater to that stream |
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Definition
| drainage basin or watershed |
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Definition
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| the general term for stream deposited is |
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Definition
ocks of just about the same size. Sorting can occur when the speed of water flow diminishes—as stream competence drops, the heaviest (and therefore largest) rocks are deposited first, while smaller rocks are carried away to be de-
posited elsewhere. |
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| which is a permanent stream? |
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The volume of water that is flowing in a stream
68. Most of the stream load is dropped or deposited at the mouth of a stream in a landform called a ___ |
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Definition
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| 65. Which refers to a flood that has a 1% probability in any single year? |
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| 66. Which is the most common stream drainage pattern? |
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| 67. Which is ultimate base level? |
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| 68. Most of the stream load is dropped or deposited at the mouth of a stream in a landform called a ___ |
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Definition
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| 69. What is it called when a wave changes direction as it approaches the shore due to the wave striking the seafloor reducing velocity in a sector of the wave? |
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Definition
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| 70. Where is wave energy usually focused as a result of wave refraction? |
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Definition
| head land( point breakers) |
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Definition
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| What is the name for the body of water between a barrier island and the mainland? |
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| What is the function of a jetty? |
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| confine the flow of water, keeping sand out of the navigation channel! |
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| what is the energizing force of mass movement processes? |
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| the simplest and most obvious form of mass wasting is? |
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| involves mass movement along a curved sliding plane? |
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| is sometimes called a rotational slide |
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| the slowest and least perceptible form of mass wasting |
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| Which type of bedrock is most commonly associated with Karst Topography? |
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Definition
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| Which landscape features are associated with Karst Topography? |
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Definition
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| Long, slender speleothems that hang from the ceiling of a cavern |
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Definition
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| Which speleothem formations “grow” upward from a cavern floor? |
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| the most common surface features of karst landscapes are |
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| Glaciers that develop individually high in the mountains |
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| Probably the most significant erosive work of glacial ice is accomplished by ___ |
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| The general term for all material moved by glaciers is ___ |
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| Which refers to rock debris deposited directly by moving or melting glaciers? |
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| A broad amphitheater hollowed out at the head of a glacial valley |
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| A ___ marks the place where an alpine glacier originated |
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| Long, sinuous ridges of stratified drift associated with continental glaciation are called ___ |
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| ___ is a ridge of till that marks the outermost limit of glacial advance |
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Definition
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| 92. A front that forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front |
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Definition
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| 93. What is probably the most significant weather maker in the midlatitudes? |
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Definition
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| 94. What is the name for a tropical cyclone in the western North Pacific? |
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Definition
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| 95. Where is the highest incidence of tropical cyclones? |
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Definition
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| 96. Which is the hurricane intensity scale? |
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Definition
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| 97. The most intense vortex in nature |
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Definition
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| 98. Where is the highest incidence of tornadoes? |
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Definition
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| 99. When is peak tornado season in the USA? |
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Definition
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| 100. Which is the tornado intensity scale? |
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Definition
| The enhanced fujita scale( ef scale) |
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| 101. Defined as a violent convective storm |
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Definition
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| 102. Which cloud is associated with thunderstorms? |
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Definition
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| 103. Most thunderstorms are in the ___ |
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Definition
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| 104. Why are thunderstorms generally associated more with continents than oceans? |
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Definition
| high,temps, humiditiy a nd istabity |
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| 105. When is the vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
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| 106. Marks the northernmost location reached by direct or vertical rays of the sun |
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Definition
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| 107. Where are the vertical rays of the Sun striking the Earth during the September equinox? |
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| 108. When are the vertical rays of the Sun striking the Earth at the Tropic of Capricorn? |
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Definition
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| 109. When is the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
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| 110. When are the vertical rays of the Sun striking the Earth at the Tropic of Cancer? |
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| 111. What causes the Coriolis effect? |
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Definition
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| 112. What is defined as horizontal air movement? |
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Definition
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| 113. The 2 prominent tropical circulation cells – one north and one south of the equator – that generate the Trade Winds |
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Definition
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Term
| 114. Which is the major wind belt located in the tropics? |
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Definition
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| 115. Which wind belt occupies the midlatitudes from about 30 to 60 degrees north and south latitude? |
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Definition
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| 116. The global wind system that occupies most of the area between the polar highs and about 60 degrees of latitude |
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Definition
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| 117. Which is the most reliable and consistent of all the major wind belts? |
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Definition
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| 118. The temperature at which saturation is reached is called the ___ |
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Definition
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| 119. When does atmospheric condensation begin? |
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Definition
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| 120. The altitude at which condensation occurs and cloud formation begins is known as the ___ |
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Definition
| lifting condensation level "lcl" |
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| 121. The leeward slope of a mountain range is the dry side and the term ___ is applied to both the leeward slope and the area beyond as far as the drying influence extends |
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Definition
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| 122. What is the name of the cool ocean current in the South Atlantic? |
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Definition
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| 123. Why do maritime climates have more moderate seasonal temperatures? |
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Definition
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| 124. Climate characterized by wide variation in the average annual temperature range due to hot summers and cold winters |
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Definition
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| 125. What is the average lapse rate? |
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Definition
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| 126. The first version of the Koppen Climate Classification System appeared in ___ |
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Definition
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| 127. What is a type A climate according to the Koppen Climate Classification? |
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Definition
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| 128. What is a B climate according to Koppen? |
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Definition
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| 129. The Koppen Climate Classification that is found only in the Northern Hemisphere |
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Definition
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| 130. Koppen climate that is absent from the Southern Hemisphere |
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Definition
| d climates " has limited land masses of the approriate latitade |
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| 131. What is an E climate in the Koppen Climate Classification System? |
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Definition
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| 132. Climographs include temperature and ___ data |
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Definition
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| 133. A large, recognizable assemblage of plants and animals |
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Definition
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Term
| 134. Which climatic pattern is associated with the Tropical Deciduous Forest? |
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Definition
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Term
| 135. Midlatitude grassland characterized by short grasses and bunchgrasses |
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Definition
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Term
| 136. Biome closely associated with D climates |
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Definition
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Term
| 137. Plants that endure seasonal climatic fluctuations from year to year are called ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| 138. What is an Angiosperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| 139. A ___ tree is one that experiences an annual period in which all leaves die and usually fall from the tree, due to either a cold season or a dry season |
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Definition
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Term
| 140. A stable plant association of constant composition that is attained through seral stages |
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Definition
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Term
| 141. Wetlands with trees as part of the climax vegetation |
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Definition
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Term
| 142. Distinguish between forests and woodlands |
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Definition
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Term
| 143. Streamside vegetation that is particularly prominent in arid regions |
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Definition
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Term
| 144. ___ are egg-laying mammals |
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Definition
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Term
| 145. Rainforest fauna is largely ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| 146. Who is credited with the first classical definition of world zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| 147. What is the name of the zoogeographic region that includes South America? |
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Definition
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Term
| 148. Fauna is by far the most distinctive of any major zoogeographic region |
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Definition
| new quinea or landown under |
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Term
| 149. Zoogeographic region dominated by marsupials |
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Definition
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Term
| 150. What serves as a geographic barrier to separate the Palearctic and Oriental zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| 151. What is the name of the land bridge that connected the Palearctic and Nearctic zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| 152. Which is the geographic barrier separating the Ethiopian and Palearctic zoogeographic regions? |
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Definition
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