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Limited government; have strict limits in it's government
Challenged by socialism |
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Return to a classic liberal approach; dealt with the economic approach
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Police Abuse
goverment is not limited
judiciary is weak and controlled |
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- Citizens can elect their representatives
- there are competative elections(known as an electoral democracy
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Definition
1. Competative Oligarchy: 1900-1937 is the first cycle where democracy became known in L.A. Arg, Uru. and Chile were the first to experience this
2. Semi- Democratic:1940-1977 is the second cycle where democracy has lasted. Countries that experienced this is Costa Rica,Venezuela Colombia
3.Democracy:1978-2000 being the 3rd cycle is now the norm and most countries in L.A have an electoral Democracy
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The idea in which the countries growth in the social economy will lead to Democracy
Exceptions: Poor Countries have declared themselves democratic |
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| development leads to democracy |
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| Development sustains democracy |
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| An Aggrerian type of government is not conducive to a democracy. The middle class encourages democracy because development encourages democracy and the middle class is moderate |
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2 factors that encourage elites to accept democratization
(Boix Idea) |
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Definition
1. Lower level of inequality
2. High Capital Mobility: Tax havens |
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| Inglehart on Develelopment in L.A: |
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Definition
When countries develop the values change and there are two phases:
1. Industrializaton
2. Post-industrial: Focus on civil liberties. more focus in the service sector |
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Definition
| neighboring latin american countries looked at successful democracies and would follow. Authoritarian governments would soon follow because they it not want a revolution |
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| Why was democracy favorable? |
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Definition
1. End of Cold war: when the soviet union fell everyone saw that communism did not work and guerrilas saw that they didn't want that. America also became less paranoid and became more focused in human rights, under carter administration
2. Snowball effect
3. Economic Crisis of 1980 |
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Definition
| Profound change in the say so of the catholic church, where they said they were going to speak out against human right abuses. Very empowering for poor people and the path towards democracy |
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| The lost decade of L.A. had a bad economic crisis that made them question authoritarian government. |
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| Process for pre-condtions in democracy (O'donnel & Schmitter) |
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Definition
1. division in the authoritarian regime. some want reforms and some want to be conservative
2. Liberalization--began to lose hold in repression--led to the Ressurection of a civil society. that led to organized groups outside the government
3. Lastly, there is a period of negotiation in which they end up democratizing. Personalistic leaders are less likely to negotiate then 1 party systems or dictatorships
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| Common Characterictics of 3rd wave of democracy |
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Definition
1. negotiation and compromise
2. Non violent
3. Authoritarian leaders would believe that they that if they held elections they would win popular vote. |
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Term
| Pact of Punto Fijo 1958 (venezuela- caused by |
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Definition
| This pact excluded the communist part, agreed to share power, if one party one they would not get to experience all it's spendors. |
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| Minimum Program of Government (Business and Labor Involved) venezuela |
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Definition
Specific policies the new gov't would take. Compromised between business and Labor, worker and private property, etc.
It gave military amenesty from Human Right abuses, hyperfunding, and purchasing arms
pros: Stability and legitimate
cons: Pre-arranged and less accescibility and loss of power |
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| Karl:Dilema of Democratization |
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Definition
| Pacted democracy are better for stability but are less true for aunthentic democracies because everything is planned out before. Authentic democracies are not stable and people are bought out. |
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| (Huntington) Methods of Democracy being set up; There are four |
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Definition
1. Transportation- Authoritarian regime had more in setting up how Democracy is going to be runned
2. Replacement- Military Dict. in arg was weakend and left. Opposition gathered strength and got held military together
3. Transplacement- Both authoritarian Government and opposition are = as powerful
4. Intervention: Foreign Power introduces democracy (Haiti, Panama, Iraq) |
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| What happens after democracy is established? |
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Definition
Issue in Consolidation: Stability issues that have gathered in L.A
Quality of Democracy: does the government respect Human rights |
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Term
| Lenz and Stephen Argument about Democracy as well as the three aspects. |
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Definition
Argue that democracy is consolidated when it is the only option. You can have a democracy if the people within it recognizes it as one and look at the
3 aspects:
1. Attitudinal- People consider democracy to be the best system of governement
2. Behavioral:
3. Constitutional: people look at the democratic procedure to solve their problems
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Term
| OAS: Organization of the American States |
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Definition
Pro- American institution
Delas with human right violations
Inter American Court of Human Rights which gathered information about human rights violations
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| Linz's Institution and Democracy (Look at chart 1.1) |
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Definition
The current democracy places in L.A is not favorable
Linz Favors a Parlimentary democracy |
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Term
| Linz's Perils in a Presidential System |
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Definition
Corruption due to power
Terms are to rigid
Gridlock
Winner Takes all |
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