Term
| Which function of the eye registers light/dark patterns in the retina |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which function of the eye aim at objects (eye movements)
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Definition
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|
Term
Which function of the eye focus on object (thickness) at certain distances
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Definition
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|
Term
Which function of the eye compensate for light aperture
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Definition
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Term
| Which visual pathway in the retina is the sensory neuron travel to brain with a.p. |
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Definition
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Term
Which visual pathway in the retina has no a.p. because no longer axon
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Definition
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Term
Which visual pathway in the retina (receptor), see black and white only, good in dime light, and one pigment (thodopsin)
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Definition
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|
Term
Which visual pathway in the retina communicates between ganglion cell
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Definition
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|
Term
Which visual pathway in the retina communicates between rod/cones
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Definition
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|
Term
Which visual pathway in the retina (receptor) that packed close together, 3 pigments, high acuity, needs brighter light, and located in most at fovea
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Definition
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|
Term
| left visual cortex means which visual field |
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Definition
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|
Term
| right visual cortex means which visual field |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the functions of acuity in the visual systems |
|
Definition
distinguishes close together dots/lines
corrects fuzzy image on retina
retinal and lateral geniculate cells have receptive fields with center surround antagonism (lateral inhibition) line on the chalk board vs. glasses |
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|
Term
| What is the formula for Gradient of light intensity |
|
Definition
stimulation of neuron=average intensity of center-average intensity of surround.
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|
Term
| Visual cortex cells have rectangular receptive fields |
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Definition
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Term
| which cells respond to a line or edge of a specific orientation in a specific location in the receptive field. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which cells are the first cortical cells to receive sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
| which cells have specific orientation but NOT for location in the receptive field, probably gets input from a group of simple cells |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which cell is specific for both orientation and length of line;
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the vision process is inherited, neurons in column correspond to same orientation, orderly succession of orientation and row of columns with right eye input next to row with left eye input |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which part of the visual process probably involves learning and association, and also the cortex sends out put to the angular gyrus and inferior temporal lobe |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the possible interpretation for DeValosi's visual theory |
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Definition
| we need our higher visual pathway for recognizing patterns and objects, however for locating those objects in space, we need our lower visual pathways |
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Term
| What type of vision depends on the cones in the retina |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What theory of color vision states that there must be 3 pigments absorbing wavelengths of light that correspond to the 3 primary colors |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What theory of color vision states that the color we see is determined by the comparative stimulation of these 3 pigments by the light reaching the eye |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which theory states there evidence being from one is able to produce any hue by different combos of the 3 primary colors |
|
Definition
| evidence of the trichromatic theory |
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|
Term
| What theory of color vision states that there must be a blue process and a yellow process that compete against each other. Likewise for red and green |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What theory of color vision states that the color we perceive is based on the relative amount of blue vs.yellow light reaching the eye |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which theory states there evidence is blue afterimage after yellow object, and contrast area around yellow object. likewise for red and green. this is due to adaption to a constant stimulus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which drugs are uppers that has an effect on biogenic amine synapses and mood levels |
|
Definition
| cocaine, MAO inhibitors, Amphetamines, caffeine |
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|
Term
Which drugs are downers that has an effect on biogenic amine synapses and mood levels
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|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which drugs activate the drug enhancement processes on the biogenic amine synapses and mood level |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which drugs blocks the drug interference processes on the biogenic amine synapses and mood level
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|
Definition
| MAO inhibitors, cocaine, caffeine |
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|
Term
| what is considered when a person exhibits extreme positive emotions, high activity levels and runs on little sleep |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is considered when a person exhibits negative emotions, low activity level and lots of sleep |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What theory states the more active of biogenic amines are the more likely of mania, and less active the more depression |
|
Definition
| modified kety-schidkraut theory of mood |
|
|
Term
Which systems roles are "alarm clock"
causes alerting and orienting responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Near ARF(RAS) in the brainstem, which triggers deep, slow wave sleep |
|
Definition
| Nuc. of Raphe serotonergic (5HT) |
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|
Term
| In the brainstem, near the ARF/RAS terminates REM sleep |
|
Definition
| locus coeruleus (NE is transmitter) |
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|
Term
| What is the cortical EEG for alert mental activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cortical EEG for awake, but not alert (not concentrating relaxed, conserving mental energy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cortical EEG for transitional sleep (dozing off) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cortical EEG for non- REM sleep no eye movement, few dreams and not vivid, low muscle tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cortical EEG for REM sleep, rapid eye movements, dreams (complex) virtually no muscle tone, hardest to awaken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the brain stem activity for betarythyms ( which are low volt, desynch.or rapid) |
|
Definition
| RAS active, which equals ARF |
|
|
Term
| What is the brain stem activity for alpha waves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the brain stem activity for theta waves |
|
Definition
| daydreaming (originates in hippocampus) possibly good for memory formation |
|
|
Term
| What is the brain stem activity for delta waves |
|
Definition
| serotonerginic activity in nucleus of raphe |
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|
Term
| What is the brain stem activity for PGO spikes |
|
Definition
| terminated by: Norepinephrine activity in locus coeruleus within the RAS. Initiated by Ach |
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|
Term
| What is inferred,not a direct measured (construct), activates behavior & direct it towards a certain goal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are controlled both by bodily state & external stimuli (5 senses) |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which pathway that all stimuli affecting a drive must act THROUGH the hypothalamic circuits
and also activates all different expressions of a drive |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which type of thirst is stimulated by increased salt concentration of blood and CSF
Which is the trigger of normal daily thirst cycles |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of thirst has receptors that are lateral pre-optic HT osmoreceptors (firing rate is dependent on salt concentration) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of thirst are effected by possibly lateral HT , electrical stimulation and Ach |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of thirst is stimulated by loss of blood volume (as from bleeding) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which type of thirst has receptors that has carotid artery baroreceptor neurons
Firing rate is dependent on the blood pressure |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of thirst has an output to periventicular HT ( around 3rd ventricle) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger has part of the circuit that induces hunger drives |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger has a natural stimulus of glucose |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger uses which transmitters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger has the circuit to achieve satiety |
|
Definition
| paraventricular nucleus of HT |
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger has the natural stimuli serotonin and CCK |
|
Definition
| paraventricular nucleus of HT |
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger has natural inhibitors that causes overeating |
|
Definition
| NE, neuropeptide Y, and polypeptide YY |
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|
Term
| Which brain regions that control for hunger that has a complex, ambiguous regulation of appetite and metabolism |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Blood glucose levels, contractions of empty stomach, and specific hungers for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, ect. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Distension, release of cck, taste and texture of food, and capacity for digestion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Eat very fast, consume great amts of sugar and other foods w/o developing revulsion, set point theory |
|
Definition
| clues to the mystery of obseity |
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|
Term
| what theory states that fat content that falls below a stable amount, their metabolism decreases to conserve energy and conserve or restore fat |
|
Definition
| set point theory of fat accumulation |
|
|
Term
| Increase metabolism through exercise, don't diet, lose weight slowly, reduce the rate of eating |
|
Definition
| possible solutions for weight control |
|
|
Term
| VTA, lateral HT, limbic system |
|
Definition
| ESB (electric stimulation of the brain) that have stimulus that is reinforcing |
|
|
Term
| midbrain tegmentum, amygdala, paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus |
|
Definition
| local ESB are aversive(punishing) |
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|
Term
| Which theory states that reward is the reduction of a drive |
|
Definition
| Clark hull's reduction theory |
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|
Term
| what evidence is that consummatory behavior is rewarding and not reduction drive |
|
Definition
| for the sake of survivial |
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|
Term
| which are of the human brain is the most differentiated part between men and women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which are the ovarian hormones |
|
Definition
| estrogen and progesterone |
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|
Term
| which are the pituitary hormones |
|
Definition
| follicle stimulation *FSH and luteinizing *LH |
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|
Term
| what hormone that is binding to its receptors in medial pre-optic Ht keeps male adult sex drive |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Psychic blindness, indiscriminate, lack of normal fear, suspicion of others, memory problems, failure to habituate are due to |
|
Definition
| removal of the temporal lobe (including amygdala) aka Kluver-Bucy syndrome |
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|
Term
| Which last for hrs/days and which last for months/years |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory requires ongoing electrical synaptic activity and can be disrupted by ECS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory does not require ongoing nervous activity and is not disrupted by ECS |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of memory does not require protein synthesis or structural change |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory requires synthesis of new protein and some unknown structural change |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory may be based on "long term potentiation" synapses that are repeatedly stimulated become easier to activate, so a neutral circuit stays active for a while |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory has unknown storage mechanism, probably involves changes in gene expression in some cases triggered by cyclic AMP |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory are stored in the limbic paleocortical structures and basal ganglia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which type of memory is stored over wide areas of the neocortex |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what route does information take on its way into long-term memory |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what syndrome is a product of alcoholism, similar symptoms to removal of HC and lesions in mammillary body of HT |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning requires Hippocampus of amygdala |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning is lost in Alzheimer's and Korsakov's |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning can often remember the learning experience (episodic) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning is learned at once |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning learns "information" |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning is usually assessed in humans by verbal learning test |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning is usually assessed in animals by matching samples |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of example has learning brand name of a bike |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of example has remembering having seen a lock on a bike |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of example of learning is remembering first driving lesson |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning probably involves the basal ganglia |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
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|
Term
| What type of learning is largely spared |
|
Definition
procedural (skills/repetition)
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|
Term
| What type of learning is skill rather than memory for episode |
|
Definition
procedural (skills/repetition)
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|
Term
| What type of learning is learned by repetition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of learning learns by behavior pattern, habit skill |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of learning is usually assessed in humans by motor learning by trial and error |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
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|
Term
| What type of learning is usually assessed in animals by ordinary maze learning, operant conditioning |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
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|
Term
| What type of example of learning is learning to ride a bike |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
|
|
Term
| What type of example of learning is learning to pick lock, by trial and error |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
|
|
Term
| What type of example of learning is automatically stopping when light turns red |
|
Definition
| procedural (skills/repetition) |
|
|
Term
| What type of memory is learning information needed only temporarily |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of memory is measured by radial maze |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of memory requires the hippocampus intacted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of example of memory is "where did I just leave my coffee?" |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of memory is learning something once and for all |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of memory is measured by ordinary mazes learning |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of memory doesn't need HC, unless declarative learning is involved |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of example of memory is learning where the coffee shop is located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what physical form is memory stored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is short term memory stored |
|
Definition
| before consolidation period |
|
|
Term
| when is long term memory stored |
|
Definition
| after consolidation period |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| must involve the protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for the most part found in the neocortex |
|
|
Term
| different cortical areas are capable of participating in a given learned behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of brain left determines how much the animal will retain ( amount not location) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are the two principles in Lashley's theory |
|
Definition
| equipotentiality and mass action |
|
|
Term
| dominance is usually which side is language dominant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In lateralization which hemisphere has language, complex movement series, sequential, differentiated, logical and analytical |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In lateralization which hemisphere is spatial, other sounds (music), are parallel and simultaneous, mass action and synthesizer, "holistic" |
|
Definition
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|
Term
left hemisphere lesions causes- speech fluent but meaning less
can't speak, read, write or objects with meaning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
coding function of
sound sequence→ word
meaning↔words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left hemisphere lesions causes- speech not fluent, but meaningful |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
coding function
words→ speech movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left hemisphere lesions causes- can't read or write |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
coding function
shapes(written symbols)↔ words and letters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left hemisphere lesions causes- can't recognize visual objects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
coding functions
shape(pictorial objects, faces)→ meanings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| left hemisphere lesions causes- speech fluent but meaningless |
|
Definition
| arcuate fasciculus (fiber tract) |
|
|
Term
coding function
connects Broca's and Wernicke's area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| auditory cortex→Wernicke's→angular gyrus→motor cortex |
|
Definition
| the task of writing down what you hear |
|
|
Term
| visual cortex→angular gyrus→wernicke's→arc fas→broca's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| visual cortex→inferior temporal lobe→ Wernicke's→angular gyrus→motor cortex |
|
Definition
| task of writing down what face or pattern that you see |
|
|
Term
| auditory cortex→Wernicke's→ arc fas→Broca's |
|
Definition
| task of repeating what was said |
|
|
Term
| visual cortex→angular gyrus→Wernicke's→angular gyrus→motor cortex |
|
Definition
| task of taking notes from a book in own words |
|
|
Term
| which lobe has the general theme of representing the self and the world in space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main parts of the lobe, one represents our body and the other represents external sense of space |
|
Definition
| anterior parietal and posterior parietal |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the parietal lobe has primary and secondary somatosensory cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the parietal lobe is you can't recognize objects by touch you may have... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the parietal lobe if you are unaware of where contralateral body parts are, or precisely what is happening to them, or you don't care you may be suffering from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the parietal lobe left lesions you can't point to or name own body parts you may be suffering from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the posterior parietal lobe has a problem if can't follow simple routes from a map |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the posterior parietal lobe has a problem if can't use blocks to construct objects shown in a picture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the posterior parietal lobe has a problem of only copying one side of a figure, on one side of paper |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which lobe has the general theme of higher order sensory processing: recognizing objects, turning sensory experience to memory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the superior, inferior and medial are all apart of what lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the temporal lobe has visual recognition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the temporal lobe includes the ethorhinal cortex on inferior surface, hippocampus & amygdala and is actually apart of the paleocortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the temporal lobe includes Hechl's gyrus and general superior gyrus with part of middle gyrus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the temporal lobe is responsible for primary auditory cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which part of the temporal lobe is responsible for auditory recognition |
|
Definition
| general superior gyrus with part of middle gyrus |
|
|
Term
which lobe has the general theme of making, carrying out and changing plans
plans within plans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which lobe has the motor/premotor cortex, broca's area, prefrontal and orbital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which frontal lobe area has a deficit with loss of fine, fast, differentiated movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which area of the frontal lobe has a deficit of loss of voluntary relaxation
Gegenhalten- involuntary resistance to passive movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which area of the frontal lobe has a deficit of difficult, indistinct speech |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which area of the prefrontal lobe has a deficit can't search for specific elements of a picture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which area of the prefrontal lobe has a deficit of inflexible, perseverative behavior, can't inhibit or change no longer appropriate plans |
|
Definition
| general dorsolateral frontal lobe |
|
|
Term
| which area of the frontal lobe has a deficit of loss of social inhibitions, impulsive, uncouth behavior;constant singing, bad jokes, constantly changing or failing to carry out plans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| social withdrawal, thought disorder, language disorder, anhedonia, delusions and hallucinations are symptoms of what disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
