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67
Music
Undergraduate 1
12/15/2010

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Term
Symphony:
Definition
a large orchestral piece in several movements.
Term
string quartet
Definition
four soloists (2violins, 1 viola and 1 cello) and the music that they play.
Term
sonata:
Definition
An instrumental genre in several movements for a soloist or an ensemble. slow, fast, slow, fast,
Term
Opera
Definition
A drama set to music, usually sung throughout, originating in 17th century Italy. Opera is a combination of music, drama, scenery, costumes, dance, etc., to create a complete art form.
Term
opera buffa
Definition
The Italian variety of comic opera.
Term
Sonata form
Definition
exposition, development, recapitulation, short closing theme
Term
Minuet and trio
Definition
An A-B-A form (A = minuet; B = trio) in a moderate triple meter that is often the third movement of the Classical sonata cycle.
Term
theme and variations
Definition
A style of composition that first presents a basic theme and then develops and alters that theme in successive statements.
Term
rondo
Definition
Term referring to a form of composition in which the first section recurs after the second section is performed in an A-B-A style. Also, a rondo could have more sections, arranged: A-B-A-B-A, or A-B-A-C-A, etc. This form is found especially in compositions of the Baroque and Classical eras.
Term
double-exposition form
Definition
Theme stated once by the orchestra and then followed by the soloist.
Term
exposition
Definition
first statement of the theme in sonata form
Term
development
Definition
The second major division of the sonata-allegro form. The development is based upon the themes in the exposition and elaborates upon them by making new combinations of the figures and phrases while moving through a series of foreign keys.
Term
recapitulation
Definition
Recap of the sonata-allegro form. The ending.
Term
transition or bridge
Definition
Passing out of one key into another; also, a passage that takes the composition from one key into another. Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition.
Term
codas
Definition
the concluding section of a peice or a movement, after the main elements of the form have been presented, Codas are common in sonata form.
Term
cadenza
Definition
An ornamental passage performed near the close of a composition, usually improvised, and usually performed by a soloist. Cadenzas are mostly to be found in arias or a concertos. Italian term for cadence. A stylized close in music which divides the music into periods or brings it to a full conclusion.
Term
cadenza
Definition
An ornamental passage performed near the close of a composition, usually improvised, and usually performed by a soloist.
Term
scherzo
Definition
a form developed by beethoven from the minuet to use for movements in larger compositions, later sometimes used alone by chopin.
Term
homophonic
Definition
A style of composition in which there is one melody, and all the voices and accompaniments move rhythmically together
Term
art song or Lied
Definition
serious artistic purpose song designed for the concert hall German it is called lieder, in French, chanson.
Term
song cycle
Definition
A group of songs that share a common theme or central idea and which have been designed to be presented as a unit.
Term
character piece
Definition
a short romantic piano piece that portrays a particular mood.
Term
concert overture
Definition
An early 19th century genre resembling an opera overture only without the opera following it. Single-movement concert piece for orchestra based upon a literary program.
Term
program symphony
Definition
a symphony with a program(music associated with a literary work or idea)
Term
symphonic poem
Definition
a piece of orchestral program music in one long movement.
Term
through-composed song
Definition
a song with new music for each stanza of the poem; as opposed to strophic song.
Term
strophic song
Definition
a song in several stanzas with the same music for each stanza
Term
romantic
Definition
characterized by great, large ensembles, great dynamic fluctuations from fff to ppp , less tonal and melodic tunes, more discordant, atonal pieces, and immense, long compositions. The piano is a prominent instrument of the Romantic era
Term
romantic macabre
Definition
ghastly or grim.
Term
romantic nostalgia
Definition
romantic melancholy or longing
Term
Gesamtkunstwerk
Definition
total work of art. Wagner's term for his musical dramas
Term
program music
Definition
piece of music associated with a literary work or idea.
Term
cyclic form
Definition
Forms of music that are made up of individual, complete movements placed in contrast to one another. These forms include the sonata, the symphony, the suite, etc.
Term
nocturne
Definition
usually a serenade, to be played at night in the open air. The name "nocturne" has been used by composers for piano and orchestral pieces that suggest some aspect of the night and are usually solemn and contemplative.
Term
etude:
Definition
A study or an exercise designed to train a musician technically as well as musically.
Term
mazurka:
Definition
A lively Polish dance in 3/4 or 3/8 time with the accent usually on the second or third beat of the measure. The mazurka was popular in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Term
polonaise
Definition
A Polish dance in triple meter. The polonaise originated as a court dance.
Term
Dies Irae
Definition
"Day of wrath" section of the Mass
Term
bel canto
Definition
a style of singing that brings out the sensuous beauty of the voice.
Term
leitmotif
Definition
Leading motive in Wagner's operas
Term
Sprechstimme
Definition
A vocal style in which the melody is spoken at approximate pitches rather than sung on exact pitches. The Sprechstimme was developed by Arnold Schoenberg.
Term
Impressionism
Definition
Term applied to composers such as Debussy who were composing at the time of the impressionist painters. blurring of classical forms exaggerated attention to music. more of a symbolist than impressionist.
Term
Serialism
Definition
technique of composing with a series, generally a twelve tone series.
Term
Neoclassicism
Definition
Term applied to 20th century composers who use the forms and thematic processes of the Classical era of music.
Term
Pentatonic scale
Definition
a scale of five tones. pentagon.
Term
whole tone scale
Definition
A scale built entirely of whole tone intervals. The whole tone scale was used commonly by the French impressionists.
Term
octatonic scales
Definition
scale of 8 pitches. octagon
Term
atonality
Definition
the absence of any feeling of tonality
Term
twelve tone technique
Definition
Music produced by a compositional procedure of the 20th century based upon the free use of all of the twelve tones of the chromatic scale without a central tone or tonic.
Term
ostinato
Definition
A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern that is repeated throughout an entire composition or some portion of a composition.
Term
ethnomusicology
Definition
A branch of musicology that involves the study of music of world cultures both of the past and of the present with an emphasis on cultural and racial influences and affects.
Term
Second Viennese School
Definition
: Made up of Schoenberg, Anton Webern and Alban Berg, pioneers of the modern music.
Term
Haydn
Definition
wrote Symphony 95. Hive Five Haydn.
Term
Mozart
Definition
Wrote Don Giovanni, Symphony 40 and Piano concerto in A
Term
Beethoven
Definition
Wrote 5th Symphony and father of romantic period
Term
risorgimento
Definition
the time that all of the italian peninsula was unified.
Term
Bayreuth
Definition
The city where Wagner built an opera house for only his music in mind. King Ludwig II gave him the funds.
Term
Debussy
Definition
Wrote clouds
Term
Schoenberg
Definition
Wrote moonfleck
Term
Berg
Definition
Wrote Wozzeck
Term
Stravinsky
Definition
Wrote Rite of Spring
Term
Bartók:
Definition
Wrote Music for strings, precession and celeste
Term
Ives
Definition
Wrote Orchestral set no. 2
Term
Copland
Definition
Wrote Appalachian Spring
Term
avant-garde
Definition
term used to characterize music which is thought to be ahead of its time
Term
the fauves
Definition
modern artists that retained the strong colors that the impressionists used.
Term
Cubism
Definition
was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso
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