Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final Final
Chapters 1-4
64
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
05/17/2015

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are the different types of energy
Definition
potential, kinetic, chemical, electrical, thermal, nuclear, electromagnetic
Term
ionization
Definition
the removal of an electron from an atom
Term
what are the two sources of ionizing radiation
Definition
natural environmental(radon) and man-made(diagnostic x-rays)
Term
discovery of x-rays
Definition
Wilhelm Roentgen, Nov. 8, 1895 (crookes tube)
Term
what made the coolidge tube better than the crooks tube
Definition
allowed for separate selection of energy: kV and intensity: mAs
Term
ALARA
Definition
as low as reasonably achievable
Term
scientific notation
Definition
allows numbers to be written and manipulated more easily
Term
mega(M)
Definition
10^6
Term
kilo(K)
Definition
10^3
Term
centi(c)
Definition
10^-2
Term
milli(m)
Definition
10^-3
Term
micro(u)
Definition
10^-6
Term
nano(n)
Definition
10^-9
Term
angstrom(A)
Definition
10^-10
Term
Gy(a)
Definition
the amount of radiation in the air
Term
Gy(t)
Definition
the absorbed dose by the patient
Term
Sv
Definition
the quantity of radiation to the worker (occupational dose)
Term
atom
Definition
the smallest particle that has all the properties of an element
Term
what are the three particles of an atom
Definition
electron(negative), proton(positive), neutron(neutral
Term
what are the electron shells labeled?
Definition
K, L, M, N, ect.,
Term
what is the maximum number of electrons per shell
Definition
2n^2 (no outer shell can have more than 8)
Term
what is binding energy
Definition
the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus
Term
properties of binding energy
Definition
close to nucleus=tight
greater # of electrons=tight
larger atom=tight
Term
isotope
Definition
atoms that have the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons
Term
what is radioactivity
Definition
the emission of particles and energy from a nucleus (in order to become stable)
Term
what are the two main types of particulate radiation
Definition
alpha and beta
Term
what is an alpha emission
Definition
the release of 2 protons and 2 neutrons from then nucleus
Term
what is a beta emissino
Definition
the release of an electron from a radioactive nucleus, with the simultaneous conversion of a neutron into a proton
Term
what are the 2 types of electromagnetic radiation (important to radiology)
Definition
x-rays(electron cloud) and gamma rays(nucleus)
Term
what is a photon
Definition
the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic radiation
Term
what are the 4 properties used to describe photons
Definition
velocity, amplitude, wavelength, frequency
Term
what is the speed of light
Definition
3x10^8 m/s
Term
electromagnetic wave equation
Definition
c=f(lambda) (speed of light)= frequency (wavelegth)
Term
radiolucent
Definition
a property of structures that attenuate x-rays (x-rays pass through)
Term
radiopaque
Definition
property of structures that absorb x-rays (x-rays can't pass through)
Term
attenuation
Definition
the reduction in intensity resulting from scattering and absorption
Term
inverse square law equation
Definition
I1D1^2=I2D2^2
Term
an object is electrified when:
Definition
it has too few or too many electrons (movement of negative electric charges)
Term
coloumb
Definition
fundamental unit of electric charge (6.3 x 10^18)
Term
electrostatic laws
Definition
opposites attract, likes repel, and coulumbs law
Term
what creates electric potential
Definition
when like electric charges want to fly apart (measured in volts)
Term
what is electrodynamics
Definition
the study of electric charges in motion
Term
conductor
Definition
an substance through which electrons flow easily
Term
insulator
Definition
any material that does not allow electrons to flow
Term
semiconductor
Definition
sometimes an insulator, sometimes a conductor
Term
what is an electric circuit
Definition
the path over which the current flows
Term
what are the three main factors that characterize a simple electric circuit
Definition
electric potential(voltage), current, and resistencde
Term
voltage
Definition
difference in potential(volts)
Term
current
Definition
electric charge flowing per second(amps)
Term
resistence
Definition
opposes flow (ohms)
Term
series circuit
Definition
all elements are connected in a line along the same conductor
Term
parallel circuit
Definition
elements are connected at their ends (instead of a line)
Term
Ohms law equation
Definition
V=IR
Term
direct current
Definition
electrons flowing in only one direction
Term
alternating current
Definition
electrons flowing alternately in opposite directions
Term
what are the three classifications of magnets
Definition
natural, permanent, electromagnet
Term
what is an electromagnet
Definition
wire wrapped around an iron core, electric current creates a magnetic field
Term
electromagnetic induction
Definition
when the circuit is in a changing magnetic field
Term
what factors affect the strength of an induced current
Definition
strength of magnetic field, velocity of magnetic field, angle of conductor to magnetic field, number of turns in conductor
Term
what is the function of the transformer
Definition
change the intensity of voltage
Term
step-up transformer
Definition
turns ratio greater then 1 (decreases current)
Term
step-down transformer
Definition
turns ratio less than 1 (increases current)
Term
what are the three types of transformers
Definition
closed-core, autotransformer, shell-type
Term
transformer (autotransformer) law
Definition
Is/Ip=Np/Ns or Vs/Vp=Ns/Np
Supporting users have an ad free experience!