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Final Exam Terms
2012-2013
181
Psychology
11th Grade
12/19/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Absolute Threshold























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the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulas 50 percent of the time























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Action Potential























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a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Generated by positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon's membrane.























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Acuity























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the sharpness of vision























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Agonist























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agonist excites. an agonist molecule may be close enough to the nerotransmitter to mimic its effect or it may block the nerotransmitters reuptake.























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Antagonist























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Antagonist inhibits. An antagonist can be a drug that inhibits a nerotransmitters release.























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Albert Ellis























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Little albert expirament























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Alfred Adler























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Personality theorist.























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Divergent Thinking























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Algorithm























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A methodical, logical rule or precedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. (slow way)























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All or nothing law























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Amnesia























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loss of memory























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Apparent motion























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Arousal























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Attachment























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am emotional tie with another person;























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Attribution Theory























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suggest how we explain someone's behavior- by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition























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Aversive conditioning























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a type of counterconditoning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)























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Adaptive Behavior























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Blind spot























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the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there























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Blood Brain Barrier























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Brainstorming























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Broca's aphasia























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Catharsis























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emotional release.























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Chaining























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Chunking























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organizing items iinto familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically























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Cognitive dissonance theory























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theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonce) we feel when two of our thoughts cognitions are inconsistent.























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Control group























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correlation coefficients























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crystallized intelligence























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one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills tend to increase with age.























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deindividuation























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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity























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deinstitutionalization























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Dendrite

(purpose of)

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the bushy, brancging, extension of a neuron that recieve messages and conduct impulses oof the cell body.























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determinism























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developmental psychology























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a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughou the life span























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Difference threshold























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the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time.























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Discrimination























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in classical conditioning, the learned abilityto distinguish between a conditioned stimulas and stimuli hat do nit signal an unconditioned stimulas























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Displacement























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psycoanalatic deffince mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulse to a more acceptable or less threatening object or person as when redirection anger toward a safer outlet.























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Dissociative disorders























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disorders that in which consious awareness becomes seperated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.























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Divergent thinking























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Endocrine























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the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set glands that secrtes hormones into the blood stream























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Engram























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Equity theory of relationships























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Ethnocentrism























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False consensus effect























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the tendancy to overestimate the exstinct in which others share our beliefs and behaviors























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Fetal alcohol syndrome
(FAS)






















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physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant womens drinking.























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Figure ground phenomenon























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the organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from thier surroundings. (ground)























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Flynn effect























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foot in door phenomenon























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the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.























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formal operations























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inpiaget's theory, the stage cognitive development(normally begins about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concpts























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Fovea























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the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster























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Free association























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person says whatever comes to mind-exploring the unconsious























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Frustration aggression hypothesis























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the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger that can generate aggression























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Fuctional fixedness























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the tendency to think of things only in terms of thier usual functions























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Fundamental attribution error























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the tendency for observers, when analyzing another'sbehavior, to underestimate the imact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of the personal dispostion























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Ganglia























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Gate control theory of pain























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the thoery that the spinal cord contains a nerological gate tht blocks pain signals or allows them to pass onto the brain the gate is open by activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is close by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain























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Genotype























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Phenotype























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Gestalt theory























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(an orginized whole)























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Glial cells























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cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons























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Gustatory sense























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Habituation























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decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.






















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Hawthorne effect























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Heuristics























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speedier and also more error prone.























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Histogram























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Homeostasis























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a tendency to remaintain a balance or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chmistry, such as a blood glucose, around a particular level























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Hue























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the dimention of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the names, blue, green, ect.























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Hybrid























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Hypothalamus























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a neatral structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it derects several maitenace activities (eating, drinking, body temp.) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituritary gland, and is linked to emotions























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id























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operates on pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.























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ego























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operates on the reality principle,satisfying the id's desire in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain























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superego























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repersents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and future aspirations























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illusory correlation























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the perception of a relationship where none exist























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incentives























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a positve or negative environmental stimulas that motivates behavior























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piaget























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instinct























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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout the species and is mostly unlearned























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intelligence quotient























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intelligence score























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Proactive interference























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the disruptive effect of prior learning o the recall of new information























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Reatroactive interference























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internalization























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intrinsic motivation























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a desire to perform a behvior for its own sake























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extrinsic motivation























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a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threat of punishment























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James-lange theory























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that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli























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Kinesthetic























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the system foe sensing the position and movement of individual body parts























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l dopa























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learning curve























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limbic system























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a doughnut-shaped system of neutral at he border of the brain stem and seribal hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex.























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lithium























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long term potentiation
(LTP)






















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an increase synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid simmulation, believed to be a neutral bases for learning and memory























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longitudinal study























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researched in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period























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learned helplessness























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the hoplessness and passive resignation and animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.






















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mean























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average























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median























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middle























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memory























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learning over time























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mode























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common number























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Mental age
Mental set























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a measure of intelligence test performance diivised by Binet; chronological age that typically that corresponds to a given level of performance























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metacognition























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method of loci























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misinformation effect























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incorperatinf misleading info into ones memory























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modeling























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the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior























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monocular v binocular depth cues
Definition
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motion aftereffect
Definition
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motion parallax
Definition
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myelin sheath
Definition
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Normative social influence
Definition
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Norms
Definition
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occipital lobe
Definition
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oedipal conflict
Definition
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optic nerve
Definition
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pancreas
Definition
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paresis
Definition
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perceptual constancy
Definition
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perceptual set
Definition
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Skinner
Definition
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Phi phenomenon
Definition
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pineal gland
Definition
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pitch
Definition
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pituitary gland
Definition
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primacy effect
Definition
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REM sleep
Definition
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reticular formation
Definition
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retinal disparity
Definition
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rooting reflex
Definition
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scatterplot
Definition
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schema
Definition
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selective attention
Definition
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self efficacy
Definition
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self fulfilling prophecy
Definition
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self serving bias
Definition
Term
signal detection theory
Definition
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social cognitive theory
Definition
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social loafing
Definition
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social trap
Definition
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somatosensory cortx
Definition
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standard deviation
Definition
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thalamus
Definition
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thorndike's law of effect
Definition
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thyroid gland
Definition
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Token economy
Definition
Term
torette's syndrome
Definition
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validity
Definition
Term
Vestibular sense
Definition
Term
visual cliff
Definition
Term
weber's law
Definition
Term
wernicke's aphasia
Definition
Term
albert bandura
Definition
Term
cortex
Definition
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James Lange
Definition
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Carl Rogers
Definition
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Classical conditioning
Definition
Term
operant conditioning























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a type of learning in which behavior is strengthend if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.























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erik erikson























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francis galton























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Hary harlow























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Hierarchy of needs























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maslow's pyramid of human needs. first satisfy before going on.























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Howard Gardiner























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Karen Horney























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penis envy























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Kubler ross























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Nervous system























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the body's speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system























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neuron























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a nerve cell























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panic attacks























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paradoxical sleep























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primary sex characteristics























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body's structures that make sexual reproduction possible























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secondary sex characteristics























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nonreproductive sexual characteristics























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sleep disorders























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apnea, night terrors, narcolepsy























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CS























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(conditioned stimulus)





















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CR























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(conditioned response)





















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UCS























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(uncinditioned Stimulus)





















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UCR























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(uncondioned response)




















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piaget's stages























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Definition
stages of cognitive development





















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sensorimotor























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Definition
(birth-2)expieriencing the world through senses and actions (object permonence, stranger anxiety)





















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Term
preoperational























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Definition
(2-7)repersenting things with words and images (pretend play, egocentrism, language development)





















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Term
concrete operational























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(7-11)thinking logically about concrete events (conservation, mthematical transformations)





















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formal operational























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(12-up)abstract reasoning (abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning)





















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Term
sexual identity























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Term
gender identity























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ones since of being male or female























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Term
aquisition























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The initial stage in classical condioning;





















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exinction























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conditioned response lessons/ stops if not reinforced.























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spontaneous recovery























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the temapperance after a pause of extinguished conditioned response.























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sigmund freud























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youtube to mp3
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youtube to mp3
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