Term
| When is it ok to "quote"? |
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Definition
- when wording is worth repeating or makes a point so well that no rewording will do it justice
- when the writer's opinions challenge or disagree with those of others
- when the source is one you want to emphasize.
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Term
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Definition
| when sources are not worth quoting but contain details you need to include. |
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Term
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Definition
| when you have longer passages whose main points are important but whose details are not. |
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Term
| What do short quotations consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
Long quotations consist of...
&&
What is the format you use and how do you do it? |
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Definition
- five or more typed lines
- must be set in block style by indenting the quote ten spaces from the left margin. Do not use quotation marks and put any parenthetical citations after any end punctuation.
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Term
When are brackets( [] ) used?
&&
How do you use them? |
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Definition
- When words need to be changed or words need to be added in a quote.
- Place brackets around the word that is not directly from the source.
Ex. Writing about the dwindling attention among some composition scholoars to the actual teaching of writing, Susan Miller notes that " few discussions of writing pedagogy take it for granted that one of [their] goals is to teach how to write" (480).
The writer changed "one of our goals" to "their". |
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Term
Wuestion marks, exclamation points, colons, and semicolons go ___ closing quotation marks if they are part of the quoted material but ___ when they are not. A period still follows the parenthetical citation.
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Definition
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ex. Judy Walker shouted, "Stop!" (2). |
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Term
| When quoting directly from a source, you may sometimes delete words from a quotation that are unnecessary for your points. What must you insert to mark the indicated deletion? |
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Definition
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ex. C.S. Lewis writes about the relationship between Supernaturalists and nature, " You must go a little away from her...and look back" (89). |
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Term
Punctuation Quotations:
1.Periods and commas- with brief quotations, put periods or commas inside the quotation marks, except when you have a parenthetical citation at the end, in which case you put the period after the parentheses.
2. With long quotes set off block style, however, there are no quotation marks, so the period goes before the citation. |
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Definition
Ex 1. "Country music," Tichi says, " is a crucial and vital part of the American identity" (23).
Ex 2. Dldlkdjfodfajdlkjfsd. (980) |
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Term
| When you ______, you restate information from a source in your own words, using your own sentence structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ states the main ideas found in a source concisely and in your own words. |
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Definition
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Term
3 Guidelines for Paraphrasing...
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Definition
- Use your own words and sentence structure.
- Put quotation marks around any uncommon or specialized words taken directly from the source.
- Give credit to the source of your paraphrase with an in-text citation.
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Term
| 3 Guidelines for Summarizing... |
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Definition
- Include only the main ideas; leave out the details
- use your own words. Any uncommon or specialized direct words from the source should be in quotations
- Indicate the source of your summary with an in-text citation.
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Term
| What are two necessary inclusions... |
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Definition
- Signal Phrases
- MLA requires present-tense signal verbs
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Term
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Definition
Lets readers know who the author is and something about his or her credentials.
Commonly used signal verbs:
acknowledges
observes
points out
emphasizes
concludes
responds
illustrates
believes
declares |
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Term
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Definition
- brief-in text or parenthetical citations for quotations, paraphrases, and summaries.
- more detailed documentation in a list of sources at the end of the text, the works cited page.
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Term
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Definition
- establishes credibility
- allows readers to find sources for themselves
- established with an in-text, parenthetical citation, and a works-cited page
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Term
| In-text citations include: |
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Definition
- the source of the material in the essay
-author or article (if no author can be found)
- the specific place where this material can be found
-specific page number from article
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Term
Work Cited Documentation:
always provide the following basic information for each citation entry: |
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Definition
–author, editor, or organization providing the information
–title of work
–place of publication
–name of organization or company that published it
–date when it was published
–for online sources, date when you accessed the source
–whether the source is Print or Web |
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Term
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Definition
| Author’s last name, First name. Title that comes first alphabetically. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Print. |
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Term
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. Title. Ed. Editor’s First and Last names. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Print. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organization name. Title. Publication City: Publisher, Year of publication. Print. |
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Term
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Definition
Title. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Print. |
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Term
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Definition
| Title. Print. The version. |
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Term
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Definition
| Editor’s last name, First name, ed. Title. The edition. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Print. |
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Term
| Article found in an Anthology |
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Definition
| Author’s last name, First name. “Title of Work.” Title of Anthology. Ed. Editor’s First and Last name. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Pages of work. Print. |
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Term
| Foreword, Introduction, Preface, or Afterward |
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Definition
| Part Author’s Last name, First name. Name of Part. Title of Book. By Author’s First and Last names. Publication city: Publisher, Year of publication. Pages. Print. |
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Term
Periodicals:
Article in a journal paginated by volume & issue |
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Definition
Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): Pages. Print.
If the volume or year is missing, just leave it out. |
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Term
| Article in a monthly magazine |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of article.” Title of Magazine Month Year: Pages. Print. |
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Term
| Article in a weekly magazine |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Day Month Year: Pages. Print. |
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Term
| Article in a local newspaper |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of article.” Name of Newspaper [City] Day Month Year: Pages. Print. |
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Term
| Article in a national newspaper |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of article.” Name of Newspaper Day Month Year, natl. ed.: Pages. Print. |
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Term
Electronic Sources:
From a database provider |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Title of periodical or journal Volume.Issue (Year): Pages. Database. Web. Day Month Year of access. |
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Term
| An entire web site (must be scholarly) |
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Definition
| Editor’s last name, Editor’s first name, ed. Title of Site. Sponsoring institution, Date posted or last updated. Web. Day Month Year of access. |
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Term
| Online short work with print publication info. |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of short work.” Title of long work. Publication information for print version (city: publisher, copyright). Page numbers. Database. Web. Day Month Year of access. |
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Term
| A book with print publication |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. Title. Publication information for print version (city: publisher, copyright). Database. Web. Day Month Year of access. |
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Term
| From a periodical's web site... |
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Definition
| Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical. Publisher’s name, Date of publication. Web. Day Month Year of access. |
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Term
| Online government publication |
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Definition
| Name of gov. dept. “Article title.” Title of the website. Sponsor, date of publication. Web. Date of your access. |
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Term
Other print and nonprint sources:
An interview |
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Definition
| Last name of interviewee, First name of interviewee. Personal interview. day month year of interview. |
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Term
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Definition
•is the last page of the essay
•has proper upper right hand formatting
•is titled Works Cited in center of 1st line
•is alphabetized by the first letter in the entry
•all first entries must correspond with the in-text citation entry. |
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Term
| Sources that Need Acknowledgment |
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Definition
-Direct quotations.
-Arguable statements and information that may not be common knowledge.
-The opinions and assertions of others.
-Any information that you did not generate yourself. |
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Term
| Deliberate and Accidental Plagiarism |
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Definition
•Deliberate plagiarism –
–taking credit for another person’s words or thoughts
•Accidental plagiarism –
–forgetting to cite a source or improperly placing quotations |
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Term
| Four Rhetorical Modes of Detail |
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Definition
- Description
- Narration
- Example
- Definition
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Term
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Definition
Words or phrases that describe the concrete experience of
the five senses |
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Term
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Definition
Simile –comparing two dissimilar things using the words “like” or “as”
Metaphor –an implied comparison between two unlike things
Personification –attribution of human qualities to a thing or idea
Hyperbole –deliberate exaggeration
Understatement –intentional downplaying of a situation’s significance, often for ironic or humorous effects
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Term
Narration: to tell a story
Elements of a Narrative |
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Definition
Details support a central idea (do not ramble)
All forms of narration have a point
Be organized |
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Term
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Definition
Consider the sequence of events
Conflict
Setting
Necessary details
Characters
Time
Dialog |
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Term
| In introduction and/or conclusion |
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Definition
| Gains readers' attention and creates a vivid beginning or ending. |
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Term
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Definition
To explain an event, a process, or to make a point
This is called extended narrative and will be your first essay! |
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Term
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Definition
| This is perfect for personal journals and letters but should be used with caution in academia. Always ask your professor if a first person narrative is appropriate for the assignment. |
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Term
Illustration and Example:
Gives Essays.... |
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Definition
- something specific for readers to relate to.
assists in persuasion
explanation of abstract points.
more interest. |
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Term
| Illustrations and Examples Must... |
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Definition
be concrete
factual
be clear
appropriate
respectful to the reader
interesting and vivid |
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Term
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Definition
another
for instance
for example
in fact
namely
specifically
that is
thus |
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Term
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Definition
use anecdotes or short narratives to introduce the essay’s topic
use scenarios or short narratives in the conclusion
use scholarly evidence as examples to support your thesis |
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Term
| Definition: Denotative Value |
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Definition
formal definition
brief, succinct explanation
found in a dictionary |
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Term
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Definition
informal definition
associated with personal
heritage
beliefs
experiences |
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Term
| Definitions in Shorter Essays... |
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Definition
•enhance an essay’s effectiveness
introducing the essay’s topic
clarifying terms
Always put the formal definition in your own words.
DO NOT QUOTE FROM A STANDARD DICTIONARY |
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Term
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Definition
longer, more complex definitions about the nature of a subject
•asks “What makes this what it is, not something else?”
•often requiring the use of
–criteria
–guidelines
–qualities |
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Term
| Whats the writing process... |
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Definition
Find a topic (most of the time it is given)
Assess Situation: purpose, audience, and voice
Discover ideas for the essay
Develop the thesis
Organize the essay into parts that guides readers through your thoughts, research, and opinions
* introduction
* body
* conclusion
Revise |
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Term
| Analyzing the Writing Situation |
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Definition
Purpose–Why are you writing this essay?
Audience–To whom are you writing this essay?
Voice–How are you going to address this audience? |
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Term
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Definition
Use prewriting techniques
Journaling
Freewriting
Webbing/Clustering
Journalistic Questions
Listing
Be “Skeptical” |
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Term
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Definition
The controlling idea of the essay
Interesting and provable
It should NEVER announce!
Limited but broad enough to discuss in the assigned amount of words
Appear toward the end of the introduction |
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Term
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Definition
Essay Structure
Introduction
one or two paragraphs
Body
as many paragraphs as needed to support each point
but always include at least three main points
Conclusion
one or two paragraphs |
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Term
| What should the conclusion include... |
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Definition
Restate the thesis
Sum up the essay’s idea
Leave the reader thinking . . . |
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Term
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Definition
Revision
check for unity and coherence
Does every paragraph support the thesis?
Editing
word choice and grammar
Read the essay out loud!!! |
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Term
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Definition
Alphabetical order by authors last name.
-hanging
-no URLs
-short in length
-long in length italicized |
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Term
| How do you incorporate sources? |
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Definition
Direct Quotes
Paraphrasing
Summary |
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Term
| Signal Phrases must have... |
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Definition
| exact words of orignal source |
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Term
Comparison and Contrast:
Analogy?
Basis of a comparison/contrast |
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Definition
•Analogy –explaining one thing by comparing it to a second more familiar thing
•Basis of a comparison/contrast –must be the same for both subject in question |
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Term
| Useful Transitions for Comparison and Contrast |
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Definition
Comparison
just as . . . so in comparison like
similarly in the same way likewise
Contrast
although nevertheless nonetheless
despite conversely on the contrary
still in contrast however
instead whereas even though
unlike yet but
on the one hand . . . on the other hand . . . |
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Term
| 3 Components of a Thesis... |
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Definition
•Should identify both subjects
•Indicate whether the essay will compare, contrast, or both
•May also list the basis of comparison/contrast |
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Term
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Definition
- Scholarly Journal
- Substantive news or general interest
- Popular periodicals
- Sensational periodicals
- Web Sources
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Term
Argumentation
Critical=
Argument= |
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Definition
Critical=skeptical
Argument =
–Is the process of demonstrating, through reason, the likelihood or necessity of a given position. |
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Term
| 5 ways to think critically... |
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Definition
- write
- preview
- read
- summarize
- form a critical response
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Term
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Definition
•to succeed in the workplace
•to become a better citizen
•to become a more informed voter
•to distinguish fact from fiction
•to better analyze vast amounts of information
•to assist in personal issues
•IT IS THE CORNERSTONE OF A FREE SOCIETY! |
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Term
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Definition
•the process of demonstrating, through reason, the likelihood or necessity of a given position.
•purpose is to persuade
•You are asked to take a stand on a topic, present a proposition [or thesis] that reflects your stand, and provide evidence to support that stand. |
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Term
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Definition
•You do not have to change everyone’s mind
•define terms in your own words
•Use Methods of Appeal
–Emotional Appeal
–Ethical Appeal
•Good Sense
•Good Will
•Good Moral Character
–Rational Appeal |
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Term
Defintions:
Logic?
Propositions?
Premises?
Conclusion?
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Definition
•Logic – method of distinguishing between correct and incorrect reasoning.
•Propositions – statements that affirm or deny the truth of something
•Premises – Propositions stated by the arguer as evidence for support of his truth
•Conclusion – Proposition that expresses the belief that the arguer is trying to persuade the reader to accept. |
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Term
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Definition
•You must refute one of the opposing arguments to your topic
–Thus, you must be very familiar with the opposing side’s view points
•This takes time and research! |
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Term
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Definition
| Modern Language Association |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of words that do not express a complete thought. They are missing a subject or predicate. |
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Term
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Definition
| (run-on sentence)Two or more sentences fused together without the proper punctuation to mark them as complete units. |
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Term
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Definition
| The error that occurs when only a comma connects two independent clauses. |
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Term
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Definition
| The required match between a subject and verb in expressing number (singular or plural)and person. |
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Term
| Pronoun Antecedent Agreement |
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Definition
| A pronoun must match the grammatical form of the word or words it refers to in number and person, and for personal pronouns, in gender as well. That word or words is called the pronoun’s antecedent. |
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Term
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Definition
The time at which the action of the verb occurs needs to stay consistent.
(past, present, future) |
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Term
| When writing in any academic situation, the writer should never use..... |
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Definition
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