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| Any particular occurrence of a sound segment of speech |
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| Different letters or combinations of letters that represent the same phoneme |
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Individual morpheme-like shapes encountered in a language sample
Not necessarily a morpheme |
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Differences in pronunciation
Vocab or grammar within a Language |
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Narrow vs broad
Phonetic vs phonemic |
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| Linguistic and response Complexity |
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Definition
Linguistic: 4 contexts
Isolation
Word
Sentence
Continuous speech
Response:
Single or multiple |
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Definition
Refers to methods of discriminating sounds
Binary
5 way
Phonetic |
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| Scoring as correct or incorrect |
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| Scoring as correct, omission, distortion, substitution, addition |
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Phonetic variation of a morpheme
Doesn't change meaning
Actual attempt at producing morpheme |
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| Analytic representation of speech sound production |
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| Speech segments that differentiate morphemes |
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Smallest unit of meaning
Can be words
Plural endings
Verb tense endings
Prefixes
Suffixes |
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Eg bat and hat
Sound change alters meaning
Contrast between morphemes that differ in only one sound segment |
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Definition
| The perception and production of speech sounds |
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| The study of the sound system of the language; the structure and function of the sounds of a language |
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| A mark that is placed above through or below a letter to indicate a modification of the sound represented by the letter |
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| Transcribing the diverse allophonic variations and misarticulations that occur in speech; uses phonemic symbols and diacritics |
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| Placed to the upper left of the main symbol |
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| Placed over the main symbol |
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| Placed over the main symbol and directly under the stress symbol if both are used |
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| Placed over the main symbol and directly under any stress or nasal symbols |
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| Placed under the main symbol |
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| Sound source or larynx symbol |
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Definition
| Placed under the main symbol and directly under any tongue symbols that are used |
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Definition
| Placed under the main symbol and directly under any tongue or source symbols |
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| Placed to the upper right of the main symbol |
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Definition
| Placed to the upper right of the main symbol |
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| Placed directly to the right of the main symbol |
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Definition
| Placed directly to the right of the main symbol and following any timing symbols |
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| ~ that goes over the vowel |
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Definition
Characterized by the release of noise energy through the nose
Symbol is ~ with two dots |
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Definition
Produced without nasalization or without an appropriate degree of nasalization
Symbol is ~ that is crossed out |
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Definition
Lips symbol
Produced with a rounding or protrusion of the lips
Symbol is a backwards c |
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Definition
Produced without a rounding of the lips
Symbol is a forward c |
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Definition
Produced with a constriction or narrowing of the lips much like rounding in the case of a vowel
Symbol is a rounded w |
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Definition
Not articulated with a constriction or narrowing of the lips
Symbol is a rounded m |
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Definition
Tongue symbol
Articulated with the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth
Symbol is horizontal bracket |
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Definition
The blaze or front part of the Tongue minus the tip is close to the palatal area just behind the alveolar ridge
Symbol is a rounded j |
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Definition
Tongue symbol
Release of air through the sides of the mouth
Symbol is a horizontal parenthese |
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Definition
R coloring
Symbol is a rounded backward j |
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Definition
Top lip hangs over the bottom lip when producing bilabial sounds
Symbol is a rounded X
Lips symbol |
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Definition
The r coloring is missing from the R phoneme
Symbol is a horizontal parentheses facing up |
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Definition
Creaky voice
Symbol is a dot |
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Definition
Characterized by air wastage and therefore often noise at the larynx
Symbol is two dots |
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Definition
A sound is prolonged
Symbol is a : that goes after the prolonged sound |
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Definition
| Consonants that stand alone as the nucleus of a syllable |
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Definition
Used when two distinct articulations are linked or tied together in one segment
Symbol is like a tie in music over the two syllables |
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Definition
| Constriction in velar area tongue tip does not touch alveolar ridge common with post vocalic word ending in L |
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Definition
Whistling sound with fricative
Symbol is like a little teepee |
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Definition
Like the Spanish r
Symbol is a checkmark |
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Definition
Devoicing a consonant that is usually voiced
Symbol is an o |
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Definition
Adding a slight degree of voice to a sound that is usually voiceless
Symbol is a v |
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Definition
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Definition
Circle around segment you are unsure of
Can put? With circle around it |
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Definition
| Sounds that share place and manner of articulation but differ in voicing |
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Definition
A speech sound characterized by an intense high-pitched noise
for example the fricatives see and she
similar to a strident |
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Definition
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Definition
| The initial sound in y'all |
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Definition
| A speech sound characterized by an intense frication noise such as that heard for see and she |
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| Lingua-palatal fricatives |
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Definition
| The Initial sound in shoe and final sound in rouge |
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| Lingua-palatal affricates |
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Definition
| Final sounds in church and judge |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Place of articulation using vocal folds
Initial sound in high |
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Definition
| Initial sounds in two and do |
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| Lingua-alveolar fricatives |
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Definition
| Initial sounds in sue and zoo |
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Term
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Definition
Place of articulation using tongue dorsum and velum
Final sounds in rack, rag, rang and initial sounds in way and why |
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Term
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Definition
Place of articulation using tongue blade and palate
Final sounds in brush, rouge, Rich, Ridge, and initial sounds in raw and yaw |
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Term
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Definition
Place of articulation using tongue tip and ridge behind teeth
Initial sound in two, do, Sue, zoo, new, Lou, and medial sound in butter |
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Definition
Place of articulation using both lips
Initial sounds in pie, bye, my, way, and why |
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Definition
Place of articulation using lips and teeth
Initial sounds in fear and veer |
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Definition
Place of articulation using tongue tip and teeth
Initial sounds in thaw and the |
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Term
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Definition
A combination of a stop closure and a fricative segment, with the frication noise closely following the stop portion
Church, Judge
Occur only at the palatal site |
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Term
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Definition
R consonant
Complex sound: two ways of producing it; to hold the tongue tip so it is curled back slightly and not quite touching alveolar ridge or adjoining palatal area; Also to bunch the tongue in the palatal area of the mouth |
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Term
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Definition
Initial sound in the words Lou, Lee, law, and low
Tongue tip makes a midline or central closure with the alveolar ridge but an opening is maintained at the sides of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
Aka semivowels
Always followed by vowel
Vocal tract constriction narrower than vowel but wider than stops and fricatives
Sound energy passes through the mouth
You
Why which when |
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Term
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Definition
Sound energy from the vocal folds Is directed through a Distinctively shaped oral passage
Narrower than for vowels but wider than stops, fricatives, and nasal
Lateral /l/ and rhotic /r/
Maybe alveolar or palatal |
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Term
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Definition
Oral tract is completely closed
Velum is lowered
Voice travels through nose
Ram ran rang
May be bilabial, alveolar, and Velar |
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Term
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Definition
A sound that is produced with a narrow constriction through which air escapes with a continuous noise
Leaf leave teeth teethe bus buzz rush rouge he
May be labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, and glottal |
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Term
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Definition
Modified stop sound
Rapid stroke or tap of tongue contacts alveolar sound
City, ladder, butter |
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Term
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Definition
Manner :Oral cavity closed for brief interval
Velum closed
When stop released a burst of noise occurs, Very fast
Pill, kill bill till dill gill
May be bilabial, alveolar, Velar, and glottal |
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Term
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Definition
A sound made with a complete or narrow constriction at some point in the vocal tract
The obstruents include the stops, fricatives, and affricates |
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