Term
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Definition
| Composed of single or multiple sugars, Contain carbon, hydrogen & oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| Long chains of sugars arranged to form starch or fiber, Polysaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugars, Single sugar units & linked pairs of sugar units |
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Term
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Definition
| Single sugar used in both plant & animal tissues for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Single sugar units, Mono=one |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairs of sugars linked together, Di=Two |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharides (fruit sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosaccharides, Part of Disaccharide lactose (milk sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaccharide compose of glucose & galactose (milk sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaccharide composed of two glucose units (malt sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaccharide composed of glucose & fructose (table sugar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex carbs, Composed of long strands of glucose units |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant polysaccharide composed of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly branched polysaccharide, Made & stored by liver and muscle tissue, Not complex carb |
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Term
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Definition
| Food components that readily dissolve in water, Indigestible by enzymes but broken down by bacteria to be absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| Tough, fibrous structures of fruits, veggies & grains, Indigestible food components, Don't dissolve in water |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult, incomplete or infrequent bowel movements, Dry, hardened feces |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful inflammation of the diverticula (sacs that balloon out of intestinal wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| Impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts of enzyme lactase |
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Term
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Definition
| Intestinal enzyme that splits disaccharide lactose to monosaccharides during digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down starch of sugar, In human saliva |
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Term
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Definition
| Carb & fat providing energy that allows protein to be used for purposes alone can serve |
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Term
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Definition
| Acidic fat compounds come from incomplete fat breakdown when carb isn't available |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by pancreas when high blood glucose, Takes glucose from blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive urination & thirst, Glucose in urine, Weight loss, Craving for sweets, Frequent infections, Blurred vision |
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Term
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Definition
| Undesirable high concentration of ketone bodies in blood or urine |
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Term
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Definition
| Secreted by pancreas stimulates liver to release glucose in blood when glucose is low |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease with elevated blood glucose & inadequate insulin impairs person's ability to regulate blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Pancreas produces no/very little insulin, Often diagnosed in children |
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Term
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Definition
| Pancreas makes plenty of insulin but cells resist action, Often diagnosed in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition where high insulin level produces not normal response in muscle, liver & adipose tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood glucose concentration below normal |
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Term
| Postprandial Hypoglycemia |
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Definition
| Unusual drop in blood glucose that follows meal, Symptoms include anxiety, rapid heartbeat & sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| Family of organic compounds soluble in organic solvents but not water, Include triglycerides, phospholipids & sterols |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft, waxy substance made in body & found in animal derived foods |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipids that are solid at room temp |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipids that are liquid at room temp |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of heart & blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Chief form of fat in foods and body, Made of 3 units of fatty acids & 1 unit of glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to triglycerides but has phosphorus containing acid in place of fatty acid, Present in cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar structure to cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| Body needs but can't make in sufficient amounts to meet physiological needs |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of carbon chains of various lengths, Each had acid end & hydrogen attached to all carbon atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 carbons long, Triglyceride backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| Carrying max possible hydrogen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Site in molecule where hydrogen atoms can easily be bonded |
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Term
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Definition
| lacks some hydrogen atoms and has points of unsaturation |
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Term
| Monounsaturated fatty acids |
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Definition
| Containing one point of unsaturation |
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Term
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
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Definition
| Containing two or more points of unsaturation |
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Term
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Definition
| Triglyceride where most fatty acids are saturated |
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Term
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Definition
| Fats that contain any number of unusual fatty acids (formed during processing) |
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Term
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Definition
| Triglycerides where most fatty acids have one point of unsaturation |
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Term
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Definition
| Triglycerides where most fatty acids have 2+ points of unsaturation |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance mixes with fats & water |
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Term
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Definition
| Emulsifier that splits fatty acids from their glycerol for absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Products of lipid digestion, Consist of glycerol molecules & one fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of lipids assoc with protein, Serve as transporters for lipids in blood & lymph |
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Term
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Definition
| Move lipids from liver to tissues, contain large proportion of cholesterol |
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Term
| High-density lipoproteins |
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Definition
| Return cholesterol from tissues to liver for dismantling & disposal, Contain large portion of protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Damaging effect by oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acids to make fat more solid & resistant to chemical change of oxidation |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusual shapes that can arise during hydrogenation |
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