Term
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Definition
| When two atoms share electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Stealing or giving away an atom to complete outer electron shells the atom losing an electron becomes positively charged the atom gaining an electron becomes negatively charged |
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Term
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Definition
Forms when molecules are linked together
ex- Bonds form between Hydrogen atoms and(+) and oxygen atoms(-) because there is an attraction between the charges |
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Term
Why is water a polar molecule?
(carries a positive and negative charge) |
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Definition
| Both ionic and covalent compounds can be dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
An acid is formed when any compound forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Anything 0-6 on a ph scale is an acid
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Term
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Definition
| Any substance that ionizes to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. And anything 8-14 on a ph scale |
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| Function of Carbohydrates |
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Definition
| Energy source and structural material for plants |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy storage and structural support for cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural role (hair muscles) in metabolic activities |
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Term
Function of Nucleic Acids
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Definition
| Store heredity information and the ultimate source of the cells energy |
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Term
What is a nucleotide and which macromolecule is it associated with?
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Definition
| Long chains of repeating subunits. And it associates with Nucleic Acids |
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Term
Factors affecting enzyme activity
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Definition
Temperature-To hot the proteins will denature if its to cold the reaction takes longer
Ph level-If its to high or to low the enzyme will change shape and will be inactived
Concentration Of substrate and the enzyme
Coenzymes And Vitamins |
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Term
How do cells control enzyme activity?
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Definition
Substrate Imposter- has the same shape as the real substrate
Allosteric Enzyme-Changes shape when another molecule binds to a secondary site on the enzyme
Feedback inhibition-when a biochemical pathway is shut down due to much product being present |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
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Term
| Chemical Equation for photosynthesis |
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Definition
6H2O + 6CO2= C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Term
| What are the products of fermentation for plants and animals? |
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Definition
Animals- 2 ATPS Lactic Acid NAD+
Plants- 2ATPS Ethyl Alcohol NAD+ CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
Interphase(G-1 S G2)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telaphase
Cytokinesis |
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Term
| What are the stages of meiosis? |
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Definition
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telephase I |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides genetic variation |
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Term
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Definition
| Known as the father of genetics |
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Term
What laws did Mendel make from his experiments?
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Definition
Law of Segregation
Law Of Independent Assortment |
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Term
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Definition
| Different alleles one dominant one recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| Same alleles can be either dominant or recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| the alleles for that trait |
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Term
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Definition
| the observable physical characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| A Blending Of the parents results |
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Term
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Definition
| When two dominant alleles are expressed at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| when two traits are controlled by more than two alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes for traits are carried on the x-chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Helicase unwinds the double helix strands
2.DNA polymerse moves along each exposed strand and adds complementary Nucleotides than it proofreads to make sure no mistakes were made |
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Term
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Definition
DNA must be copied before a cell goes into the mitotic phase of cell division
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Term
| How does transcription occur? |
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Definition
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on a gene sequence of DNA and unwinds DNA
mRNA reads the template DNA strand and adds complementary nucleotides
When mRNA reaches the terminator site it is released and DNA rezips.
mRNA leaves the nucleus to proceed to the next stage: translation
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Term
| How does translation occur? |
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Definition
mRNA gets bound to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
tRNA has an anticodon (complementary to mRNA) and binds to mRNA. At another site, the tRNA carries the amino acid it codes for.
The starting amino acid is always methionine (AUG) Other amino acids are added on with a peptide bond to the previous amino acid at the P site of ribosome; A site is for incoming tRNA amino acid
Amino acid chain is formed; and is released when a stop codon is recognized.
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Term
| Differences Between DNA&RNA |
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Definition
DNA- Double Strand Deoxyribose Thymine
RNA- Single Strand Uracil Ribose |
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Term
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Definition
–mRNA: carries the hereditary information from DNA to the ribosome
–tRNA: carries the amino acids to the ribosomes to be used to construct the protein
–rRNA: makes up the ribosome’s structure
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Term
| What is natural selection? |
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Definition
Process by which organisms with an advantage reproduce more than others of their kind
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Term
| Reproductive barriers do what? |
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Definition
| Maintain genetic differences in species |
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