Term
| Food Requirements: Animals are hetertrophic |
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Definition
| Usually ingest other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy and Building blocks |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Energy |
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Definition
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Term
| Food Requirements: Energy (protein, fats, carbs) |
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Definition
| 1g = 4C...1g = 10C...1g = 3.9C |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Energy (excess short-term) |
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Definition
| Short-term in liver as glycogen |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Energy (excess long-term) |
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Definition
| Turns into fat (adipose tissue) for long-term |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Homeostatic Regulation |
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Definition
| Hormones...Insulin -> glucose -> glycogen...Glucogon |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Caloric Imbalances |
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Definition
| Undernourishment, Overnourishment, Malnourishment |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Caloric Imbalances (Undernourishment) |
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Definition
| Glycogen and fat used up and Protein broken down |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Caloric Imbalances (overnourishment) |
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Definition
| Excess fat storage...Obesity |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Caloric Imbalances (Malnourishment) |
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Definition
| Taking in enough calories but not the right types...vitamins |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Biosynthesis |
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Definition
| Building Blocks...Mostly done in the liver |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Biosynthesis (Building Blocks) |
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Definition
| Amino, fatty and nucleic Acids...Simple sugars |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients |
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Definition
| Can't be synthesized...Malnourishment |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients (Amino Acids) |
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Definition
| Eight...Methionine, Valine, Threonine, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Tryptophan, lysine...Corn and beans = good source |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients (Viatmines) |
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Definition
| usually coenzymes...only require small amounts (.01-100mg/day) Fat and water soluble. |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients: Vitamins (Fat soluble) |
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Definition
| Can build up!...A->(eye pigments; antioxident) D->(Ca and P uptake) E->(Antioxident) K->( Blood Clotting) |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients: Vitamins (Water Soluble) |
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Definition
| Excreted out!...overdose less likely ex: C |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients: Vitamins (How function determined) |
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Definition
| Usually determined by someone having a deficiency. |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Essential Nutrients (Minerals) |
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Definition
| Inorganic, Small quantities...ex: Ca and Mg for bones; Cu for enzymes; Fe for hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion -> Digestion -> Absorbtion -> Elimination |
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Term
| Food Requirements: Appetite Regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| Food Requirements: Appetite Regulation: Hormones (what?) |
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Definition
| Ghrelin (stomach): Hunger...PYY (Sm Intestine): appetite suppressant...Insulin (pancreas): appetite suppresant...Leptin (adipose tissue) provides index of nutritional status: high lvls suppress appetite; low lvls vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| Filter feeding, substrate feeding, fluid feeders, bulk feeders |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion |
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Definition
| Intracellular and Extracellular...Gastro Vascular Cavity and Alimentary Canal (complete digestive system) |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion (Digestion Mechanics) |
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Definition
| Peristalsis (rythmic contractions)...Sphinters (keep stuff where it is supposed to be)...Acessory glands (liver, gall bladder, pancrease) |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion (Oral Cavity) |
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Definition
| Physical and chemical break down...Chewing...Saliva |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Oral Cavity (Saliva) |
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Definition
| mucin is a lubricant, amylase catalyzes breakdown of startches, buffers to control pH, and antimicrobial agents. |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Oral Cavity (ball of food?) |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion (pharynx) |
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Definition
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach (sphinctors) |
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Definition
| Pyloric is bottom and Cardiac is top |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach (cells) |
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Definition
| mucus, cheif, and Parietal |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach: Cells (Mucus Cells) |
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Definition
| In stomach wall near top of canals...Protection from acid |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach: Cells (Cheif Cells) |
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Definition
| produce Pepsinogen (an inactive form) combines with HCl to form Pepsin which helps break down protein. |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach: Cells (Parictal Cells) |
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Definition
| Produce HCl...Hcl lowers pH to 1-4; kills bacteria; denatures protein; activates pepsinogen to pepsin. |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach: Indigestion |
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Definition
| Acid Inhibitor: block enzyme that catalyze HCl production |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Stomach: Indigestion |
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Definition
| Acid Blocker: block hormone receptor site that signal cells to releaase HCl (Perictal cells) |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Accessory Organs (Gall Bladder) |
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Definition
| Stores bile from liver and releases into duodnum when needed...Bile is an emulsifier (suspends fats in solution) so fats don't just sit on bottom. |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Accessory Organs (Pancrease) |
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Definition
| Bicabonate buffer: neutralizes acid...hydrolytic enzymes: add H2O to break bonds |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Accessory Organs: Pancrease (Hydrolytic Enzymes) |
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Definition
| Pancreatic Amylase: Carbohydrate digestion...Nuclease: breakdown nucleic acids...pancreatic proteases: break down proteins...lipase: break down lipids |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Accessory Organs: Pancrease (Pancreatic Enzymes) |
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Definition
| Trypsinogen -> trypsin: breaks down protein |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Accessory Organs (Intestine) |
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Definition
| Enzymes: disaccheridase, aminopeptidase (break up), Intestinal lipase, nucleases |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Secretino (how knows when?) |
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Definition
| Secretion is controlled by nerve impluses and hormones. |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Hormones |
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Definition
| Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecytokinin (CCK), Enterogastrone |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Hormones (Gastrin) |
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Definition
| Secreted by stomach G cells...Release of HCl and pepsinogen (inactive form) |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Hormones (Secretin) |
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Definition
| Secreted by duodnum...effect is pancrease releases buffer |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Hormones (CCK) |
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Definition
| Secreted by duodnum...gall bladder releases bile and pancrease releases difestive enzymes |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Hormones (Enterogastione) |
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Definition
| Secreted by duodenum...inhibits peristalsis |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Absorbtion: Small Intestine |
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Definition
| Jejunum (most absorbtion takes place here) and Illeum...lined with villi to increase S.A. for nutrents absorbtion |
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Term
| Feeding Mechanisms: Digestion: Human Digestion: Absorbtion: Large Intestine |
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Definition
| Colon is main part and absorbs water and electrolytes and secretes salt and forms feces. Rectum has 2 Sphincters |
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Term
| Comparison of Alimentery Canals between herbivors and carnivors |
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Definition
| Herbivores have large ceacum and long Alimentery canals with special fermentation chambers |
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