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| Program designed to seek out members of minority groups for positions from which they had previously been excluded, thereby seeking to overcome institutional. |
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| Skin color prejudice within an ethnoracial group, most notably between light-skinned and dark-skinned blacks. |
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| Unfair treatment of people based on some social characteristic, such as race, ethnicity, or sex. |
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| Sense of community derived from the cultural heritage shared by a category of people with common ancestry. |
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| Laws, customs, and practices that systematically reflect and produce racial and ethnic inequalities in a society, whether or not the individuals maintaining these laws, customs, and practices have racist intentions. |
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| General terms applied to diverse subgroups that are assumed to have something in common. |
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| Individual expression of racist attitudes or behaviors. |
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| Rigidly held, unfavorable attitudes, beliefs, and feelings about members of a different group based on a social characteristic such as race, ethnicity, or gender. |
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| Form of racism expressed subtly and indirectly through feelings of discomfort, uneasiness, and fear, which motivate avoidance rather than blatant discrimination. |
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| Category of people labeled and treated as similar because of allegedly common biological traits, such as skin color, texture of hair, and shape of eyes. |
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| Tendency for the race of a society's majority to be so obvious, normative, and unremarkable that it becomes, for all intents and purposes, invisible. |
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| Belief that humans are subdivided into distinct groups that are different in their social behavior and innate capacities and that can be ranked as superior or inferior. |
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| Overgeneralized belief that a certain trait, behavior, or attitude characterizes all members of some identifiable group. |
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| Subordination of women that is part of the everyday workings of economics, law, politics, and other social institutions. |
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| Female-dominated society that gives higher prestige and value to women than to men. |
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| Practice of treating people as objects. |
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| Male-dominated society in which cultural beliefs and values give higher prestige and value to men than to women. |
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| Principle that women and men who perform jobs that are of equal value to society and that require equal training ought to be paid equally. |
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| System of beliefs that asserts the inferiority of one sex and justifies gender-based inequality. |
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| Population's balance of old and young people. |
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| Set of people who were born during the same era and who face similar societal circumstances brought about by their shared position in the overall age structure of the population. |
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| Phenomenon in which members of a birth cohort tend to experience a particular life course event or rite of passage - puberty, marriage, childbearing, graduation, entry into the workforce, death- at roughly the same time. |
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| Sociologist who studies trends in population characteristics. |
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| Movement of populations from one geographic area to another. |
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| Phenomenon in which a historical event or major social trend contributes to the unique shape and outlook of a birth cohort. |
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| Process by which people leave rural areas and begin to concentrate in large cities. |
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| Condition in which rapid change has disrupted society's ability to adequately regulate and control its members and the old rules that governed people's lives no longer seem to apply. |
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| Collective action designed to prevent or reverse changes sought or accomplished by an earlier social movement. |
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| Process by which beliefs, technology, customs, and other elements of culture spread from one group or society to another. |
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| Steady rise in Earth's average temperature as a result of increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
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| Coherent system of beliefs, values, and ideas. |
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| Society in which knowledge, the control of information, and service industries are more important elements of the economy than agriculture or manufacturing and production. |
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| Collective action that seeks to change limited aspects of a society but does not seek to alter or replace major social institutions. |
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| Collective action that attempts to overthrow an entire social system and replace it with another. |
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| Continuous, large-scale, organize collective action motivated by the desire to enact, stop, or reverse change in some area of society. |
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| Shared understandings that explain what is wrong and what should be done about it. |
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| Frame used by many social movements in a society. |
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| Linkage between social movement frame and frame of social movement recruit. |
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| Reaching people who already share the frame. |
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| Convert people to their frame. |
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| Manipulate existing frames for new purposes. |
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| Process through which one learns how to act according to the rules and expectations of a particular culture regarding gender. |
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| Cross-sex activity that strengthens boundaries between girls and boys. (ex. Rituals of pollution (cooties) and playground invasions). |
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| Demographic Transition Theory |
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Definition
| Concept used to describe why developing nations grow faster than developed. |
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Term
| Alternative Social Movement |
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Definition
| Limited change for specific individuals. (the AA). |
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| Redemptive Social Movement |
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Definition
| Radical change for specific individuals. (New Religious Movements (similar to a cult)). |
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| Limited change for everyone. (our country- black civil rights, feminism, gay rights). |
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| Limited change for everyone. (our country- black civil rights, feminism, gay rights). |
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| Revolutionary Social Movement |
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| Radical change for everyone. (tea taxes, confederacy, communist). (Unsuccessful). |
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| Disseminating group’s message. |
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| Offering something (votes, $) in exchange for something else. |
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| Creating disturbances or threatening to do so. |
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| Red, ill-tempered, subjugated. |
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| Yellow, melancholy, greedy |
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| Includes coneheads, flatheads, troglodytes, dwarves, and other unusual variations. |
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| Persuasion, Bargaining, and Coercion. |
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Definition
| What are the three major types of social movement tactics? |
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| Frame Bridging, Frame Transformation, and Frame Extension. |
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Definition
| What are the three social movement strategies for achieving frame alignment? |
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| Different work patterns, Occupational segregation,Occupation-wide pay discrimination, and Promotion gap. |
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Definition
| List the four factors that contribute to the Male-Female pay gap. |
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Term
| Milwaukee Study, NYC Study, and Bertand and Mullainathan. |
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Definition
| 3 Audit Studies by Devah Pager. |
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