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Final Exam
Vitamins and Minerals
19
Nutrition
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2013

Additional Nutrition Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Coenzymes
Definition
A small organic molecule that assists an enzyme in its function; made from a vitamin
Term
RDA or AI
Definition
the benchmark amount; eat at least this much
Term
UL
Definition
highest amount that is thought to be safe; should be between RDA and UL
Term
Bioavailability
Definition
-The extent to which a nutrient can be extracted from food and used by the body
-This can vary with body need (sometimes when body content is low, the efficiency of the absorptive process goes up), food source(ex: fiber in some foods reduces nutrient absorption, cooking method (ex: cooking veggies in lots of water and throwing out the water causes some nutrients to be lost)
Term
Free Radicals
Definition
-Oxygen-containing molecules that tend to damage other body molecules by stealing electrons from them
-Sources: normal body processes such as energy metabolism, pollutants, toxins in cigarette smoke
-Can cause cancer and oxidized LDL cholesterol in athero scoerotic plague
Term
Antioxidants
Definition
-Molecules that donate electrons
-Some vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients are these
Term
RAE
Definition
A unit that is used to equate the different forms of the vitamin in food; ex: 1 mcg RAE = 1 mcg retinol
Term
Anemia
Definition
A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues.
Term
Neural Tube Defects
Definition
Family of defects where the skull or spinal cord does not form correctly
Term
Vegan
Definition
A person who does not eat or use animal products
Term
Intrinsic Factor
Definition
A compound made in the stomach that is necessary for the body's absorption of B12
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
-A disease which is a deficiency; causes bone loss
-Populations at risk: women (especially petite), people with fair skin
-Prevention: Taking calcium and vitamin D; physical activity; avoid excess protein, caffeine, phosphorous
Term
Phytoestrogen
Definition
-Sources: Soy, other legumes
-Possible effects: may help lower blood cholesterol, block the action of estrogen (and estrogen-stimulated breast cancers)
Term
Tannin
Definition
-Sources: grapes, wine, tea
-Possible effects: antioxidants, may help prevent cancer and heart disease
Term
Organosulfur Compounds
Definition
-Sources: onions, garlic, chives, leeks
-Effects: may protect against heart disease and cancer
Term
Flavanoids
Definition
-Sources: Bright colored fruits and vegetables, tea, chocolate
-Possible effects: May act as antioxidants, decrease inflammation, reduce plaque build up in arteries, inhibit cancer development
Term
Indoles and Isothiocyanates
Definition
-Sources: cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, kale cauliflower, cabbage, turnip, Brussels sprouts)
-Possible effects: may help protect against cancer
Term
Heme iron
Definition
-This is more easily absorbed
Term
Hypertension
Definition
When your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time
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