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| the science of behavior and mental processes of an organism |
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| connects neural & hormonal systems |
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| reduces neural activity and slows body functions |
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| excites neural activity and speeds up body functions |
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| complex molecules containing genes |
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| biochemical units of heredity |
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| characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity |
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| subfield of biology; studies molecular structure and function of genes |
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| patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional |
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| form of behavior therapy that pairs a trigger stimulus w/ a new response |
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| therapy aimed at removing a HARMFUL stimulus by replacing a POSITIVE response with a NEGATIVE one |
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| therapy that is aimed at removing a HARMLESS stimulus by reaplcing a NEGATIVE response with a POSITIVE one |
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| Cognitive-behavior therapy |
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| seeks to alter way people think and act |
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| Mental image or best example of a category |
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| step-by-step proedures that guarantee a solution |
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| sudden realization of a problem's solution |
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| experience-based, error-prone "thinking shortcuts" |
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| search for supporting information and ignore contradictory evidence |
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| just because it's never happened before doesn't mean it doesn't exist |
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| tendency for judgements to vary based on how the information is posed |
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| tendency to cling to initial beliefs after the basis on which they were formed is discredited |
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| mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
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| activating facial muscles activates other reactions in your body |
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| ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
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| self-perceived happiness or satisfaction |
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| Diminishing returns phenomenon |
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| more and more of something will provide less utility |
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| perception that one is worse off than a comparable other |
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| the porcess of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging event (stressor) |
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| direct; change stressor or interaction with stressor |
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| indirect; avoid or ignore stressor and focus on eomional needs |
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| disposition vs. situation |
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| Fundamental Attribution Error |
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| tendency to overestimate impact of disposition and underestimate impact of situation |
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| Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon |
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| agreeing to a small request makes agreeing to a larger one more susceptible |
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| tension experienced when an individual's actions and attitude do not coincide |
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| an individual adjusts their behavior or thinking toward a group standard |
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| Normative Social Influence |
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| an individual conforms to avoid rejection |
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| Informational Social Influence |
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| an individual conforms to increase likelihood of being right |
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| doing better at a simple task and worse at a difficult task in the presence of others |
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| giving less effort in a group task |
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| a situation fosters anonymity and arousal and an individual loses self-awareness and restraint |
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| enhancement of prevailing inclinations through discussion |
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| less likely to give aid if bystanders are present |
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| existing expectation that you will help those who help you |
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| Goals of True Experimentation |
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| able to determine a cause |
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1. Sensory Neurons
2. Motor Neurons
3. Interneurons |
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| Effects motor skills, judgement, memory, self-awareness and self-control |
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| hold information before it is stored or forgotten |
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| psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, humanistic |
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| Two-factor Theory of Emotion |
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| emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label |
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| susceptibility of humans to experience others emotions |
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| the process of appraising and responding to a threatneing or challenging event (stressor) |
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| Phases of Stress Response System |
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Phase 1: alarm reaction
Phase 2: resistance
Phase 3: exhaustion |
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| Effects of Exposure to Prolonged Stress |
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| weakened immune system, susceptibility to illness |
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| Successful Coping with Stress |
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| aerobic exercise, relaxation and meditation, faith communities |
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