Term
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Definition
Mineral Identification camera.
Chemical composition spectrometer.
Weather sensors.
Rock-vaporising laser and chemical identification camera.
Organic compound detector.
Radiation Sensor
Hydrated mineral sensor. |
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Term
| EPA Lowering of arsenic levels. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Found in chocolate; Organic acid widely distributed in animal tissue. Major constituent of bile; can be found in large intestines. Function for conjugation of bile acids and antioxidizing. |
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Term
Safety Label
Top
Left
Right
Bottom |
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Definition
Top(red) Fire hazard 0-4
Left (Blue): Health 0-4
Right(Yellow): Reactivity 0-4
Bottom(White): Info |
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Term
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Definition
| Estimate to nearest 10th of division. I.g. 0.10ml divisions can be read 0.11ml. |
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Term
| Tolerances of class A burets. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tolerance class A volumetric flask. |
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Definition
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Term
1.Precision
2.Accuracy
3.Systematic Error
4.Random Error |
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Definition
1. Reproducibility; how close the measurements are to each other.
2. How close the measurements are to real values.
3. Determinate error; values are either all high or all low.
4. Indeterminate error. |
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Term
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Definition
Case 1: Compare an answer with accepted value
Case 3: Testing two methods (paired t-test).
Can also be used to determine if one datum is out of the norm. |
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Term
| Most common estimates of uncertainty |
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Definition
1. Confidence interval
2. Standard deviation |
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Term
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Definition
Aka Grubbs'test. Determine if one datum point should be rejected.
Gap/Range
if Q is greater, than table, value can be rejected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means to evaluate calibration curves. |
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Term
| Calibration curves error of y vs x |
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Definition
| y value errors are greater than x value errors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use samples identified the lab as performance evaluation studies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use standards, but the measurer doesn't know that. |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual representation of confidence intervals for a Gaussian distribution. Warns observer whether values stray dangerously from the standard. |
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Term
| Observation on a control chart that requires troubleshooting. |
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Definition
1 observation beyond the action lines
2 to 3 consecutive measurements between warning and action lines.
6 consecutive all increasing or all decreasing measurements.
7 consecutive measurements all above or all below the center line
14 consecutive points alterning up and down
An obvious nonrandom pattern |
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Term
| Quality assurance process |
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Definition
Use objectives
Specifications
Assessment |
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Term
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Definition
| Methods proving that a process is valid. |
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Term
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Definition
| How good he instrument is at seperating the intended analyte from other stuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| How well the curves follow a straight line. |
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Term
| How to determine accuracy |
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Definition
1. Compare with ceritified reference
2. Compare results from one or two analytical methods.
3. Analyze blank sample spiked with known analyte.
4. Standard addition
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Term
| How to determine precsion |
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Definition
Instrument precision(repetitive injections)
Intra-assays: Same person, smae method
Ruggedness: different people, day, instruments
Inter-laboratory: the greatest
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Term
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Definition
| Concentration over which reliable data can be obtained. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest quantity of analyte that is significantly different. 3s/m |
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Term
| What does the slope of a calibration graph tells us? |
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Definition
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Term
| Minimum limit of detection Lower limit of quantification |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the method of standard addition require? |
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Definition
| Linear response to analyte. |
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Term
| Standard addition and internal standard |
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Definition
Standard: Known quantity of analyte is added
Internal: Known quantity of non analyte is added. |
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Term
| When are internal standards useful? |
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Definition
| When quantity of sample analyzed or instrument reponse varies from time to time because of uncontrollable conditions. |
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Term
| Signs of S, H, G and K when a reaction is favored. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Salt is less solubl when constituent ions are already in mixture. |
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Term
| Through what atom does water bind to cationS?? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ions bind to molecules more tightly? |
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Definition
| Smaller more highly charged. |
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Term
| What is ionic strength? How is ionic strength increased? |
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Definition
| Total concentration of ions in solution. Inert salt is added. |
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Term
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Definition
| pKa decrease; acid strength decreases |
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Term
| End point on a titration curve |
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Definition
Volume where slope is greatest
Maximum of first derivative
The inflection point of the second derivative |
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Term
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Definition
The quantity of charge flowing each second through a circuit.
1A = 1C/S |
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Term
Relationship between charge and mole.
Work and voltage.
Free energy and electric potential.
Ohms law
Electric power |
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Definition
q=nF
Work= Eq
deltaG=-nFE
I= E/R
P= Work/S=EI |
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Term
Oxidation electrode
Reduction electrode |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a galvanic cell use to generate electricity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What SHE? and what is it used for? |
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Definition
| It is the standard hydrogen electrode. Consist of a catalytic Pt surface, and an acidic solution. Used to deduce the standard electric potential of other cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maintains a fixed potential. |
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Term
| Junction potential and causes it? |
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Definition
| Voltage difference formed when two dissimilar electrolyte solutions are in contact. Greater mobility of one ion compared to the other. The potential will slow down Cl- and accelerate Ag+. |
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Term
| What does the difference accross a membrane depend on? |
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Definition
| Activity of analyte in outer solution. |
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Term
| Most common ion-selective electrode |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of ion-selective electrodes. |
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Definition
Glass membranes: for H+ and certain monovalent cations
Solid-state electrodes: based on inorganic crystals or, recently, conductive polymers
Liquid-based electrodes: using a hydrophobic polymer membrane saturated with a hydrophobic liquid ion exchanger
Compound electrodes: with an analyte-
selective electrode enclosed by a membrane that separates analyte from other species or that generates analyte in a chemical reaction. |
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Term
| Advantages and disadvantages of ion-selective electrodes: |
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Definition
A:
Respond linearly to logarithm of analyte over 6 order of magnitude
Do not consume unknowns; negligible contamination
Fast response time
Color and turbity do not hinder them
D:
Low precision
Can be cloaged
Fragile and limited shelf life
Only measure free analytes |
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Term
| Potentiometry vs electrolysis |
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Definition
1. measures voltage in absence of current.
2. Forces current to make reaction happen. |
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Term
| Constant current vs controlled potential coulometry |
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Definition
| Constant current is linear controlled potential is exponential. |
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Term
| What part of the molecule is responsible for light absorption? |
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Definition
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