Term
| Three phases of the digestive process |
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Definition
| neurogenic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase |
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Term
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Definition
| initiated by stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulting in the secretion of pepsinogen, HCl and gastrin. |
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Definition
| resulting from distention of the stomach or neutralization of gastric pH by foodstuffs. |
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Term
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Definition
| which begins when the weakly acidic digestive products enter the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete HCl and intrinisic factor. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is produced and stored in the G cells, of the antral mucosa. |
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Term
| Luminal stimuli of Gastrin include |
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Definition
Alcohol
Caffeine
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Vagal stimulation initiated by foodstuff.
Amino-acid products of protein digestion |
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Term
| Gastrin stimulates the secretion of |
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Definition
Gastric acid by the fundal parietal cells,
Gastric pepsinogen and intrinsic factor by the gastric mucosa
Release of secretin by the small intestinal mucosa
Pancreatic HCO3 and enzymes
Hepatic bile. |
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Term
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Definition
| intestinal hormone activating gallbladder contraction and stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes |
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Term
| Cholecystokinin formation |
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Definition
| synthesised by I-cells in the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine and secreted in the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| digestion of fat and protein |
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Term
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Definition
| peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn. |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate the pH of the duodenal contents via the control of gastric acid secretion and buffering with pancreatic bicarbonate. |
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Term
| Secretin stimulates the secretion of |
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Definition
Bile from the liver.
Increases bicarbonate from pancreatic duct epithelium.
increases bicarbonate secretion from duodenal Brunner's gland
enhances the effects of cholecystokinin to induce the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile |
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Term
| How does secretin reduce acid secretion from the stomach |
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Definition
| by inhibiting gastrin release from G cells |
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Term
| What activates pepsinogen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| digest up to 20% of ingested carbon bonds by cleaving preferentially after the N-terminal of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| randomly cleaves the α(1-4) glycosidic linkages of amylose to yield dextrin, maltose or maltotriose. Because it can act anywhere on the substrate, α-amylase tends to be faster-acting than β-amylase. In animals, it is a major digestive enzyme and its optimum pH is 6.7-7.0. |
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Term
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Definition
| main enzyme to break down fats in the human digestive system, converts triglyceride substrates found in ingested oil to monoglycerides and free fatty acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| serine protease found in the digestive system where it breaks down proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| activates trypsinogen to trypsin by proteolytic cleavage. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Gastrin tests to diagnose |
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Definition
| gastrin-producing tumors called gastrinomas, Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome, and hyperplasia of G-cells. (produce gastrin) |
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Term
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
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Definition
| The syndrome consists of fulminant peptic ulcers, massive gastric hypersecretion, and non- islet cell tumors of the pancreas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test may be ordered if a gastrin result is not significantly elevated, but there remains suspicion that the patient’s symptoms are due to a gastrinoma. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gastric analysis test involves draining the stomach secretions to determine basal unstimulated acid production. |
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Term
| Gastric Analysis parameters |
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Definition
| acidity, mucus, blood, food |
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Term
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Definition
| useful screening test for generalized malabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| The clinical syndrome caused by the malabsorp- tion of dietary fat. |
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Term
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Definition
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Increased duodenal acid
Abnormal bile output
Pancreatic insufficiencies
Mucosal impairments |
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Term
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Definition
| Patients have an abnormal immunological response to the presence of gluten in the diet. 90% have circulating antibodies to gluten |
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Term
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Definition
Those lacking lactase fail to split lactose properly
The unabsorbed sugar creates and osmotic force pulling fluid into the intestinal lumen. Results in cramps, bloating, diarrhea. |
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Term
| D-Xylose Absorption Test procedure |
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Definition
| Where urine collection is questionable blood may be collected at 1 and 2 hours. Most patient will demonstrate plasma level of greater than 300mg/L. In chldren values above 100mg/dl are acceptable. |
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