Term
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Definition
| viscous liquid found in the joint cavities |
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Term
| Formation of Synovial Fluid |
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Definition
| is formed as an ultrafiltrate of the plasma across the synovial membrane, into which a mucopolysaccharide containing hyaluronic acid and a small amount of protein is secreted by the cells of the synovial membrane. |
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Term
| Will normal Synovial fluid clot? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticoagulant for synovial fluid |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a sterile tube for microbiology |
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Term
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Definition
| anticoagulated tube for hematology |
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Term
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Definition
| non-anticoagulated specimen for other testing |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Results from the polymerization of the hyaluronic acid and is essential for proper lubrication of the joint |
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Term
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Definition
| affects both the production of hyaluronic acid and its ability to polymerize, thus decreasing viscosity. |
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Term
| Method of determination of Viscosity |
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Definition
| the ability of the fluid to form string from tip of syringe. Expected result 4-6 cm in length. |
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Term
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Definition
When added to 2 to 5% acetic acid normal synovial fluid will form a clot surrounded by clear fluid.
As hylauronic acid’s ability to polymerize decreases the clot formation becomes less firm and the surrounding fluid becomes more turbid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Counts are performed manually using the Neubauer counting chamber. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal synovial fluid will contain mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and synovial tissue cells |
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Term
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Definition
| less than 25% of the differential count. Increased neutrophils are indicative of sepsis. |
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Term
| An increased cell count with a predominance of lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most diagnostically significant tests performed on synovial fluid. |
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Term
| The principle crystals encountered include |
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Definition
| Monosodium urate, Calcium pyrophosphate, Cholesterol crystals, Apatite, Corticosteroid crystals and Contaminates |
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Term
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Definition
| Uric Acid) – associated with gout |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with psuedogout |
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Term
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Definition
| mineral found in cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| usually from therapeutic injection) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why does crystal examination have to be done quickly |
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Definition
| since temperature and pH will affect crystal solubility |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases the solubility of urates thereby increasing their number while increases in pH will encourage the formation of calcium pyrophosphate. |
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Term
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Definition
| tend to approximate those found in plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| ordered because sharp decreases are usually encountered in Inflammatory (Group II) and Septic (Group III) joint disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| will not be more than 10mg/dl lower than blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| below 7.5 mM/L provide 98% exclusion for septic arthritis whereas levels above 7.5 mM/L are found consistently with septic arthritis but may also be seen in rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| approximately 1/3 the serum level |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| identification of the causative agent in septic inflammation. Gram stain and culture are the two most prominent studies requested. |
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