Term
| primary specimen types referred to the clinical laboratory |
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Definition
| Blood, Urine, and cerebrospinal fluids |
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Term
| miscellaneous fluids include |
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Definition
| seminal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, amniotic, ascities and other fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
| sperm, and seminal plasma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produced by contributions from the seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland |
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Term
| Seminal fluid is composed of four fractions |
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Definition
| bulbourethral and urethral glands, the testis and epididymis, the prostate, and the seminal vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| white in color, but grey or even yellowish semen can be normal as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood in the semen can cause a pink or reddish color |
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Term
| Collection time period in relation to sex |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
must not be used for semen collection because they may interfere with the viability of spermatozoa
Incomplete samples should |
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Term
| The primary reasons for evaluating seminal fluid are: |
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Definition
Infertility cases
Post-vasectomy validation
Identification of the fluid in forensic cases. |
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Term
| In infertility studies the following parameters are often evaluated |
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Definition
Volume
Viscosity
pH
sperm count
Motility
Morphology |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 (liquid) to 4 (gel-like). |
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Term
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Definition
increased turbidity
presence of blood
abnormal/unexpected color
Leukocyte esterase strips may be used to check for presence of white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is seminal fluid acidic |
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Definition
| high ratio of prostate to seminal vesicle fluids |
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Term
| Acidic ejaculate may indicate |
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Definition
| one or both of the seminal vesicles are blocked |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 20 to 160 million per milliliter. |
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Term
| Immobilization of specimen for sperm count |
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Definition
| The traditional diluent contains Sodium Bicarbonate and formalin |
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Term
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Definition
| The sperm must propel themselves from the cervix through the fallopian tubes to reach the ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulties in fertilization. |
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Term
| Motility is assessed microscopically by |
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Definition
| determining the percentage of sperm exhibiting active forward movement. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is evaluated with respect to both head and tail appearances |
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Term
| Abnormalities in the head structure |
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Definition
| associated with poor ovum penetration |
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Term
| Abnormalities in head include |
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Definition
| double heads, giant head, pinhead, tapered heads and constricted heads |
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Term
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Definition
| usually evaluated by mixing the specimen with eosin-nigrosin stain and examining microscopically for dead cells – dead cells appear red against a purple background. Living cells are not infiltrated by eosin.. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low sperm counts may result from inappropriate support medium produced by the seminal vesicles. This is often demonstrated by a decreased fructose level. Fructose should be evaluated within 2 hours of collection since fructolysis will occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agglutination results from antibodies in either partner’s plasma. These antibodies will cause clumping and inactivation of the sperm. If the antibodies are in the male there is usually an abnormal semen analysis showing clumps. If they exist within the female, the male’s semen analysis will be unremarkable but infertility continues. To demonstrate female anti-sperm antibodies perform a mixing study that combine the female’s plasma with male’s semen and observe for agglutination |
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