Term
| Types of Fungal Infections (5) |
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Definition
Superficial Mycoses
Dermatophyte Infections
Subcutaneous Infections
Opportunistic Fungal Infections
Systemic Mycoses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Affect only the stratum corneum; do not cause any tissue response or inflammatory reaction; cosmetic disease |
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Term
| Types of Superficial Mycoses (4) |
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Definition
Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)
White piedra
Black piedra
Tinea nigra |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Involve restricted region of the host: tinea X causes lesions that enlarge over time with inflammation occurring at growing edge can be systemic disease in immunocompromised |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses in hair shaft |
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Definition
| Gray patch ringworm and Black-dot |
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Term
| Gray patch ringworm caused by |
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Definition
| Ectothrix or Macrosporum audouinii, M. ferrugineum |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothrix or Tichophyton tonsurans, T. violaceum |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses of hair follices |
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Definition
| Tinea favosa (Trichophyton schoenlenii) |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses of Nail & nail bed |
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Definition
| Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) |
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Term
| Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) characteristics |
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Definition
| Difficult to treat; long term therapy |
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Term
| Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) caused by |
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Definition
| Trichophyton species, Microsporum species, Epidermopphyton floccosum |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses of the skin (ringworm) |
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Definition
Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)
Tinea corporis (body)
Tinea manuum (hand) |
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Term
| Dermatophytoses of the skin (ringworm) caused by |
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Definition
| Trichophyton species, Microsporum species, E. floccosum |
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Term
|
Definition
Cutaneous, subcutaneous or systemic
mycoses |
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Term
| Phaeohyphomycosis tissue presentation |
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Definition
| dark, yeast-like cells, pseudophyphae-like elements or combination |
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Term
|
Definition
| Localized cutaneous & subcutaneous |
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Term
| Chromoblastomycosis tissue presentation |
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Definition
| rounded sclerotic bodies (copper pennies) |
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic infection characterized by swollen tumor-like lesions that yield granular pus through draining sinuses
usually on hands and feet, the granules contain masses of mycelia |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary infection (respiratory) followed by dissemination to any organ with predisposition to dissemination |
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Term
| Systemic Mycoses caused by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How to ID Moulds Macroscopically |
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Definition
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Term
| How to ID Moulds Microscopically |
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Definition
Septate vs nonseptate hyphae
Hyaline or dematiaceous hyphae
Types, size, shape & arrangement of conidia |
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Term
| How to examine moulds microscopically |
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Definition
Prepare in biologic safety cabinet
Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)
Examine at 10X & 40X |
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Term
| Methods for microscopic examination |
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Definition
Tease mounts
Cellophane tape preparations
Slide cultures |
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Term
| List of the Dimorphic moulds (6) |
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Definition
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Penicillium marneffei |
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Term
| List the Dermatophyte fungi |
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Definition
| Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton |
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Term
| Black piedra etiologic agent |
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Definition
| dematiacious fungus Piedrais hortae |
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Term
| Black piedra disease state |
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Definition
| fungal infection of the hair of the scalp |
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Term
| tinea vesicolor etiologic agent |
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Definition
|
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Term
| tinea vesicolor disease state |
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Definition
| superficial mycoses, affects only stratum corneum, does not cause tissue response or inflammatory reaction, cosmetic disease |
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Term
| sporotrichosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
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Term
| sporotrichosis disease state |
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Definition
| rose thorn trauma, chronic nodule and ulcerative lesions along the lymph channels that drain primary site, rarely disseminated |
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Term
| paracoccidioidomycosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis |
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Term
| paracoccidioidomycosis disease state |
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Definition
| aka S. American blastomycosis, asymptomatic disease but can disseminate to ulcerative granulomatous lesions of buccal, nasal and GI mucosa |
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Term
| coccidioidomycosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
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Term
| coccidioidomycosis disease state |
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Definition
| valley fever, primary disease is aymptomatic sometimes has erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme or arthritis, secondary disease is a progressive pulmonary disease, can be single or multisystem and can lead to dissemination |
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Term
| blastomycosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
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Term
| blastomycosis disease state |
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Definition
| Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri river valleys, inhale the conidia and causes flu-like symptoms, pulmonary disease and invasive disease of skin, bone and multiple organs |
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Term
| histoplasmosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
|
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Term
| histoplasmosis disease state |
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Definition
| darlings/spelunker’s disease, in a person with an intact immune system the disease is asymptomatic but heavy exposure can cause acute pulmonary disease, immunocomprimised people have a progressive pulmonary disease to fatal disseminated disease |
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Term
| aspergillosis etiologic agent |
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Definition
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Term
| aspergillosis disease state |
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Definition
| disseminated infection, pulmonary or sinus fungus ball, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, external otomcycosis, mycotic keratitis, onychomycosis, sinutitis, endocarditis, and CNS infections |
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Term
| white piedra etiologic agent |
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Definition
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Term
| white piedra disease state |
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Definition
| mycosis of the hair, soft nodules composed of yeast cells and arthroconidis that emcompass hair shaft |
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Term
| List the common opportunistic saprobes associated with infections in immuno-compromised hosts. |
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Definition
| Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Mucor, dematiacious fungi, yeasts, and zygomycetes |
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis location |
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Definition
| Mississippi, Ohio & Missouri River valleys |
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Term
| Direct examination of Blastomyces dermatitidis |
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Definition
| thick walled yeast cells 8-15µm with single broad based bud |
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis growth rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis colony morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| 1st yeast-like, then prickly, & finally cottony; white turning tan-brown with age; reverse: tan |
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis colony morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| cream-tan, heaped or wrinkled & waxy; yeast form inhibited by cyclohexamide |
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis microscopic morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| septate hyphae with round-pear-shaped conidia attached to conidiophores or directly on hyphae |
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Term
| Blastomyces dermatitidis microscopic morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| yeast-like cells 8-15 µm, thick walled & appearing double contoured with single broad based buds |
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Term
| Exoantigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis |
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Definition
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis location |
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Definition
| San Joaquin Valley in California, Arizonia, southwest Texas |
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Term
| Direct examination of Coccidioides immitis |
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Definition
| non-budding, thick walled spherule, 20-200µm, containing non-budding endospores |
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis growth rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis colony morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| 1st moist, grayish; soon white cottony; becomes gray-tan-brown with age; reverse white to gray |
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis colony morphology at 35-37 C specilized media |
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Definition
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis microscopic morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| septate, branched hyphae that produce thick-walled, barrel-shaped arthroconidia that alternate with empty cells |
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Term
| Coccidioides immitis confirmatory tests |
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Definition
Specific DNA probe
Immunodiffusion for exoantigen
Demonstration of spherules with special media
Demonstration of spherules by animal inoculation |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum location |
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Definition
| Worldwide, but highest in Ohio, Missouri & Mississippi River valleys |
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Term
| Direct examination of Histoplasma capsulatum |
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Definition
| hard to detect; small yeast in bone marrow |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum growth rate |
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Definition
| Slow; 15-20 days to 8 weeks |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum colony morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| white-brown or pinkish with a dense cottony texture; reverse: white but may be yellow or orange tan |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum colony morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| moist, white yeast-like colonies; yeast phase is inhibited by cyclohexamide |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum microscopic morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
young cultures-septate hyphae with pear-shaped smooth or spiny microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphae
Older cultures: large thick-walled round to pear-shaped tuberculate macroconidia |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum microscopic morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| small round or oval budding yeast |
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Term
| Histoplasma capsulatum confirmatory tests |
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Definition
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis location |
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Definition
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis Direct Examination |
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Definition
| Large, round-oval multiply budding yeast cells |
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis Growth rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis colony morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| white, heaped, compact, folded, & glabrous or with short white aerial mycelium that turns brown with age |
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis colony morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| heaped, cream-tan, moist, often becomes waxy |
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis micrscopic morphology at 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| septate, branched hyphae with intercalary & terminal chlamydospores; few microconidia along the hyphae |
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis micrscopic morphology at 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| large, round, thick walled cells with single & multiple buds attached by narrow connections (ship’s wheel) |
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Term
| Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis confirmatory tests |
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Definition
| conversion of mold form to yeast phase essential |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii location |
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Definition
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii direct examination |
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Definition
| rarely useful; small round-oval-cigar shaped yeast cells |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii growth rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii colony morphology 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| 1st small white; later moist, wrinkled, leathery or velvety & often turn brown to black |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii colony morphology 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| cream or tan, smooth & yeast-like |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii microscopic morphology 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| thin septate & branching hyphae with slender conidiophores that bear many pear-round conidia on delicate denticles (rosettes) |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii microscopic morphology 35-37 C (BHI) |
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Definition
| round, oval & fusiform budding yeasts of various sizes (cigar bodies) |
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Term
| Sporothrix schenckii confirmatory tests |
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Definition
| Conversion of mold to yeast form |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei location |
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Definition
| Southeast Asia; associated with bamboo rat |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei disease |
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Definition
| focal cutaneous or mucocutaneous infection; progressive disseminated disease |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei direct examination |
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Definition
| examination:yeast-like organisms, 2-6µm; no budding; crosswalls or internal septae |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei growth rate |
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Definition
| rapid within 3 days; yeast forms slower; inhibited by cyclohexamide |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei colony morphology 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| 1st flat, powdery to velvety & tan; later becoming reddish yellow with a yellow or white edge; sometimes a bluish center; soluble reddish pigment observed after 3-7 days; reverse: brownish red |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei colony morphology 35-37 C (SDA, IMA, BHI) |
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Definition
| white-tan, dry, yeast-like; conversion to yeast form enhanced by shaker or blood agar |
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Term
| Penicillium marneffei microscopic morphology 25-30 C (SDA) |
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Definition
| septate hyphae; smooth conidiophores with termial verticles of 4-5 metulae; each metula beats 4-6 philades; condia in chains, round to oval |
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Term
| icillium marneffei microscopic morphology 35-37 C (SDA, IMA, BHI) |
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Definition
| round-oval yeastlike cells; central crosswalls (fission not budding) |
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