Term
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Definition
| Authorized trial by military commission |
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Term
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Definition
-American Legislative Exchange Council
-Nation’s largest, non-partisan, individual public-private membership association of state legislators |
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Term
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Definition
| -Carry out public policies and provide services |
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Term
|
Definition
-A legislative support agency responsible for policy analysis
-Include:
*Executive office of President
*Office of Cabinet
*Office of Management and Budget
*National Security Council |
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Term
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Definition
| -An effort by the Republican Party to pressure Washington lobbying firms to hire Republicans in top positions |
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Term
| Budget and Impoundment Act 1974 |
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Definition
-Modified the role of Congress in the federal budgetary process
-Created a set of institutional changes designed to help Congress regain power over the budget process
-Created standing budget committees in both the House and the Senate
-Established the Congressional Budget Office
-Moved the beginning of the fiscal year from July 1st to October 1st |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows the government to borrow money to pay bills until budget is resolved |
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Term
| Three Types of Business Groups |
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Definition
1. Family Owned
2. Widely Held
3. State Owned |
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Term
| Direct Representation Through Washington Law Firms |
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Definition
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Term
| Astroturf Citizens Groups |
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Definition
-Apparently grassroots-based citizen groups or coalitions that are primarily conceived, created, and/or funded by: corporations, industry trade associations, political interests, or public relations firms
-Involves the instant manufacturing of public support for a point of view
-Uninformed activists are recruited or means of deception are used to recruit them |
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Term
| Citizens for Better Medicine |
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Definition
-Lobbies against efforts to add a drug benefit to Medicare
-Industry-funded research and lobby groups working in tight coordination with the drug lobby |
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Term
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Definition
-No unreasonable searches or seizures
-Requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause |
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Term
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Definition
| -Legislative process of the U.S. Senate intended to allow consideration of a budget bill with debate limited to twenty hours under Senate rules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-The head of White House staff
-Highest ranking employee of the White House Office inside Executive Office of the President of The U.S.
-Assistant to the President
-Current Chief of Staff: Jacob Lew |
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Term
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Definition
| Advertising materials in magazines designed to look like editorial content rather than paid advertising |
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Term
|
Definition
-Policy institutes
-Organization that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as:
*Social policy
*Political strategy
*Economics
*Military
*Technology
*Culture
-Most are non-profit
-Others are funded by:
*Governments
*Advocacy groups
*Businesses
*Derive revenue from consulting or research related to their projects |
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Term
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Definition
| A libertarian 'think tank' headquartered in Washington, D.C. |
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Term
| Conservative 'Think Tanks' |
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Definition
-Heritage Foundation
-American Enterprise Institute
-Hoover Institute |
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Term
|
Definition
-Brookings Institute
-Rand Corp |
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Term
|
Definition
-North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement
-Agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.
-Created a trilateral trade bloc in North America |
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Term
|
Definition
| -Allows corporations or individuals to sue Mexico, Canada, or the U.S. for compensation when actions taken by those governments have adversely affected their investments |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade |
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Term
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Definition
| Indirect veto of legislation by refusing to sign it |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreements between otherwise competitive MNCs, often temporary, to join forces and skills to coproduce and export particular products in the borderless global marketplace |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of some government controls over a market |
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Term
|
Definition
-Made executive officers of corporations responsible for the corporations actions
-U.S. federal law that set new enhanced standards for all U.S. public company boards, management, and public accounting firms
-Top management must now individually certify the accuracy of financial information
-Penalties for fraudulent financial activity are much more severe |
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Term
|
Definition
-A time when there was a big discrepancy between the rich and the poor
-A time of enormous growth that attracted millions from Europe
-Railroads were the major industry
-The factory system, mining, and labor unions also gained importance
-Growth was interrupted by Panic of 1873 and 1893
-Most of the prosperity came in only the former Union states of North and West
-The South remained economically devastated |
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Term
|
Definition
-Income difference between rich and poor
-Income inequality has grown significantly since the early 1970s
-Most of the growth has been between the middle class and top earners |
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Term
|
Definition
-War between Communism and Capitalism
-Often dated from 1945-1991
-U.S. won the struggle against the Soviet Union |
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Term
| Military-Industrial Complex |
|
Definition
| How the close ties between the defense industry and the Pentagon might influence government policy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Required military service |
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Term
|
Definition
-National Security Council
-The principal forum used by the President for considering nation security and foreign policy matters with his:
*senior national security advisors
*Cabinet officials
-Part of the Executive Office of the President of the U.S.
-Function is to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies |
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Term
| National Security Act of 1947 |
|
Definition
-Merged the Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment
*Headed by the Secretary of Defense
-Created the Department of the Air Force
*Made the Army Air Forces into its own service
-Renamed the NME as the Department of Defense
-Military reorganization was to unify the Army, Navy, and what soon to become the Air Force into a federated structure
-Established:
*The National Security Council (NSC)
*The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs |
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Term
|
Definition
-Central Intelligence Agency
-Created to coordinate the government's foreign intelligence-gathering
-Founded in part for intelligence-gathering as a means to prevent a declaration of war based on incorrect conceptions
-Formed during WWII
- |
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Term
|
Definition
-National Security Agency
-Intelligence agency of the U.S. Department of Defense responsible for:
*The collection and analysis of foreign communications and foreign signals intelligence
*Protecting the U.S. government communications and information systems
-Key component of the U.S. Intelligence Community
-By law, NSA's intelligence gathering is limited to foreign communications although domestic incidents have occured |
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Term
|
Definition
-A state organized to serve primarily its own need for military security
-A state maintained by military power |
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Term
|
Definition
-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty
-Member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party |
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Term
|
Definition
The theory that in times of peace, you don't need to spend as much money on defense as in times of war
-A portion of funds made available for non-defense spending by a reduction in the defense budget (as after a war) |
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Term
| Department of Homeland Security |
|
Definition
-Created in response to 9/11
-Created in 2002
-Primary responsibilities of protecting the U.S.A. and U.S. territories from and responding to:
*Terrorist attacks
*Man-made accidents
*Natural disasters |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Signed into law by President George W. Bush
-Signed on October 26, 2001
-Significantly reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies' gathering of intelligence within the U.S.
-Broadened the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts |
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Term
|
Definition
-CIA operation within the country that collected information on and disrupted anti-Vietnam war elements
-Although it's illegal for the CIA to operate within the US, it collected files on over 7000 Americans
-From 1965 to 1973 |
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Term
|
Definition
-Historically/originally a term referring to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war
-In the U.S. the term was used after 9/11 by the George W. Bush administration to include an alleged member of al Qaeda or the Taliban being held in detention by the U.S. government as part of the war on terror |
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Term
| Reform of the National Security State |
|
Definition
-Comprehensive Strategic Reform
-In 2001 shortly before 9/11, a complete reworking of the U.S. national security system was issued by CSPC
-Forging a New Shield
*A document analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the current national security system and proposed recommendations on how this system might better be restructured
*2008 |
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Term
|
Definition
-States considered to be a threat to world peace
-Meeting certain criteria such as:
*Being ruled by authoritarian regimes that severely restrict human rights
*Sponsor terrorism
*Seek to multiply weapons of mass destruction |
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Term
|
Definition
-Describes the policy-making relationship amongst:
*Congressional committees
*Bureaucracy
*Interest groups
-*Congressional committees are responsible for funding government programs and operations then providing oversight of them
*Bureaucracy (federal agencies) are responsible for the regulation of those affected industries
*Interest groups benefit, or seek benefit, from these operations and programs |
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Term
|
Definition
-International protest movement
-Primarily directed against economic and social inequality (Wall Street)
-Primary goal being to make the economic structure and power relations in society more fair
-Prime concerns is the claim that large corporations and the global financial system control the world in a way that:
*Benefits a minority
*Undermines democracy
*Is unstable
*"We are the 99%" |
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Term
|
Definition
-In 1975
-Was established in order to investigate the CIA and FBI to try and insure that no more illegal activity would occur without knowledge of Congress
-Created after Watergate affair
-Brezhnev was the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
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Term
| Article 3 Geneva Convention |
|
Definition
-One of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions
-First adopted in 1929, significantly updated in 1949
-Defines humanitarian protections for prisoners of war |
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Term
|
Definition
| Restricted the use of military in domestic law enforcement |
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Term
|
Definition
| Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act |
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Term
|
Definition
-Theory stressing the importance of giving the president greater authority in foreign policy
-Making the legislative and judiciary branches take a secondary role |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intervention designed to enhance democratic practices in another country |
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Term
|
Definition
-Gave any president the power to go to war under certain circumstances
-Required that he could only do so for 90 days before being required to officially bring the matter before Congress |
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Term
|
Definition
-Secret Government Documents
-Revealed the US government had misled Americans about the Vietnam War
-Published in 1971 |
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Term
|
Definition
| President is striving to expand their power |
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Term
|
Definition
| Constitutional power given to Congress to raise and spend money |
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Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
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Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
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Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| General Business Interest |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
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Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
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|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
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Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Business Interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
|
|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
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Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Business Interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
|
|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Business Interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
|
|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Business Interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
|
|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General Business Interest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trade/Commodity Organizations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
Term
| Expressed and Implied Powers of Congress/President |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property Rights Inside and Outside of Business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who Rules in a Capitalist System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Business Threat to Democracy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equality and Democratic Theory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Public Policy and Inequality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Security State Practices |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-Based in Washington D.C.
-"The worst"
-"Where those who've lost their jobs in politics or media go" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-American public policy think tank
-Influential in conservative and libertarian movements
-"Academic setting" |
|
|
Term
| American Enterprise Institute |
|
Definition
-Conservative think tank
-"Because of funding, they have political agenda" (non-profit) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Conservative,market-oriented think tank
-"Environmental discovery" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Independent think tank
-Non-profit
-"Funded by corporations or individuals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Global policy think tank
-Financed by the U.S. government and private endowment corporations
-Focus: policy analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Formal act by which one nation goes to war against another
-Only Congress can do this; not the President |
|
|
