Term
| What is the average salinity of the world ocean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a marginal sea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the future have in store for our ocean system? |
|
Definition
| That is a good question. The future is very uncertain. |
|
|
Term
| The Big Bang, in which the universe as we know it originated, occurred about: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It took about _____ million years for the universe to cool off enough so that the formation of hydrogen could begin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the Gamau theory, an average star, such as our sun, converts hydrogen into other elements as it evolves. Which of the following sequences for star evolution is most correct? |
|
Definition
| hydrogen burning stage - Red Giant stage - Subgiant stage - supernova stage |
|
|
Term
| Most of the heavier element that are formed in stars are formed by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the elements form into groups called Galaxies? |
|
Definition
| They accumulate in local gravity rich areas. |
|
|
Term
| According to the Nebular Hypothesis, the inner planets are dense and rocky because: |
|
Definition
| the lighter gasses were blown away by the Sun's radiation |
|
|
Term
| When did the Earth begin to form by cold accretion? |
|
Definition
| about 4.5 billion years ago |
|
|
Term
| Based on composition, the layers of the Earth from interior to exterior are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The heat that caused the planet to melt in the Earth's early history was supplied from which of the following events or causes? |
|
Definition
| Impact events and radioactivity |
|
|
Term
| The Earth's continental crust is composed mainly of ______. |
|
Definition
| silicon, oxygen and aluminum |
|
|
Term
| How did the earth develop rivers, lakes and oceans? |
|
Definition
| Both A and B above are probable causes (The Earth was bombarded by water rich comets and Volcanic eruptions added lots of water through time) |
|
|
Term
| When did early life appear on Earth? |
|
Definition
| about 3.6 billion years ago |
|
|
Term
| During the evolution of the Earth, life was present as long as billions of years ago, but "hard parts" (mineralized skeletal elements) did not become common until _______. |
|
Definition
| there was enough oxygen around to form carbonate |
|
|
Term
| Life was able to evolve and leave the ocean when radiation levels allowed such a migration. This occurred when: |
|
Definition
| the ozone layer and Van Allen belts developed |
|
|
Term
| The Rock Cycle, as set out by James Hutton, defines: |
|
Definition
| how the different forms of earth materials are interrelated |
|
|
Term
| About what percentage of water on Earth is both fresh (drinkable) and available? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the following statement true or false, based upon our present understanding of the universe? Every chemical element heavier than Hydrogen - most of the atoms that make up the planets, the oceans, and living things - was made in stars. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| History tells us that the first charts were made about ____ and indicated hazards, currents, and locations of harbors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered to be the first depository of oceanographic information? |
|
Definition
| the library at Alexandria |
|
|
Term
| Who is credited with developing the concept of latitude and longitude? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The seaman who set up colonies in Iceland and Greenland were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Chinese seaman who explored the Indian ocean, the tip of Africa and parts of the African Atlantic coast was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Columbus discover on his first voyage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who invented the magnetic compass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who invented the first chronometer which made the accurate determination of longitude possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first scientist to collect bottom grab samples of ocean sediment in 1818 was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Chief of the U.S. navy's deport of charts was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The early oceanographer who developed the convept of the "lifeless Zone" was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main scientists on the United States Exploring Expedition were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the name of the ship which was purposely trapped in the ice to begin the study of polar science? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles Thompson and John Murray are known for: |
|
Definition
| the Challenger Expedition |
|
|
Term
| Who is credited with the discovery of symmetrical magnetic anomalies at ridge rift boundaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first academic institution set up specially to study the oceans was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the fossils of Mesosaurus? |
|
Definition
| It indicates Africa and South America were once joined |
|
|
Term
| What was the contribution of Don Walsh and Jacque Piccard to the oceanographic community? |
|
Definition
| They investigated the bottom of the Challenger Deep |
|
|
Term
| What was the first real oceanography school in the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discovered the Bahaman Islands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First successful chronometer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First attempted circumnavigation of earth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| United States Exploring Expedition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mapped manganese deposits on sea floor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inventor of reversing thermometers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| British Challenger Expedition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the scientist who is credited with the original concept of the Theory of Continental Drift? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best indirect evidence we have to construct a model of the interior of the Earth? |
|
Definition
| Seismic velocity information |
|
|
Term
| What event allowed scientists to verify the internal construction of the Earth? |
|
Definition
| the Good Friday Earthquake in Alaska |
|
|
Term
| Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis states that: |
|
Definition
| all of the Earth's land was once joined into a single supercontinent named Pangaea |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of fossils of the fern Glossopteris? |
|
Definition
| It indicates the southern landmasses of Africa, South America, India, and Australia were once joined |
|
|
Term
| Knowing the motions and velocities of P and S waves as they travel through the EArth gives us information on: |
|
Definition
| both A and B (the possibilities for the temperature and pressures located at different regions within the earth and the possibilities for the different types of rocks located at different regions of the Earth's interior) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is correct? |
|
Definition
| The Lithosphere, composed of crustal and upper mantle material, "floats" on a denser, deformable Asthenosphere |
|
|
Term
| Where is the low velocity zone located? |
|
Definition
| about 100 to 200 kilometeres below the surface |
|
|
Term
| The upper layer of the Earth's mantle is most probably composed of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of the layer in the Earth that is thought responsible for hot spot formation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The age of the seafloor varies with the distance from a divergent zone. As the seafloor gets older, it also: |
|
Definition
| becomes covered with sediment, becomes cooler, and the water depth becomes greater |
|
|
Term
| The three locations within the Earth where the Geothern and the melting point curve for rock intersect are located: |
|
Definition
| near the bottom of the Lithosphere, at the CMB and at the IOCB |
|
|
Term
| The magnetic field impressed upon iron rich rocks can give us information on: |
|
Definition
| A and B (the former location of continents and the rate of sea floor spreading) |
|
|
Term
| Seismic Tomography is used to: |
|
Definition
| determine structure within the Earth |
|
|
Term
| Depositional Remnant Magnetism is commonly used in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early estimates for the age of the Earth ranged from about ____ years based upon the work of Bishop Ussher to about ____ million years as estimated by Lord Kelvin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| James Hutton believed the Earth to be really old based upon: |
|
Definition
| B and C (Uniformitarianism and the Principle of Superposition) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not believed to be a driving force for plate motions? |
|
Definition
| the formation of deep sea transform faults |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Scientists who proposed the seafloor spreading was due to convection currents operating in the Earth's mantle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following convergent zones would produce the most violent volcanic eruptions? |
|
Definition
| oceanic rocks being subducted under a continental plate |
|
|
Term
| Where would one expect to find ophiolite suites of rocks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following features is found associated with Ocean - Ocean plate convergence? |
|
Definition
| A and B (Fore Arc Basins and Back arc spreading and basin formation) |
|
|
Term
| The term "Exotic Terrane" implies |
|
Definition
| continent rocks forming a compressional fault |
|
|
Term
| The Red Sea, shallow with matching coasts, is an example of ____ of the Wilson cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Himalayes Mountains are an example of ____ of the Wilson cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first really successful attempt to determine the depth of the deep sea was accomplished by: |
|
Definition
| the Challenger expedition |
|
|
Term
| One of the biggest problems with early mapping of the oceans basins was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the sediments that cover the continental rises are composed of: |
|
Definition
| shallow water turbidite deposits |
|
|
Term
| One of the first representations of the features on the ocean floor was presented by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Several factor influence the amount of sediments that cover the ocean "basement" composed largely of basalt. Which of the following is not an important factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most continental land masses have both active and passive continental margins. Which of the following features is most commonly found on a passive margin? |
|
Definition
| location of turbidity flows |
|
|
Term
| The continental shelf located along the Gulf Coast: |
|
Definition
| contains a lot of high and low areas due to the influence of salt domes |
|
|
Term
| Most continental shelves can be divided into two zones. An inner active zone and an older relic zone. The relic zone: |
|
Definition
| B and C (has the remains of ancient breaches and has remains of ancient estuaries) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A and B (a wedge of modern and relic sediments and composed of interlocking turbidite sediments) |
|
|
Term
| As one progressives from a spreading center towards a passive continental margin: |
|
Definition
| the sediment cover becomes more pronounced |
|
|
Term
| Ocean Sea Level Curves show us that on the average, sea level has ____ for the last ____ thousand years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Submarine canyons on the shelf and slope can be due to: |
|
Definition
| A and B (river flow and turbitity currents and river flow and sand flows) |
|
|
Term
| The term "Abysal Plain" refers to: |
|
Definition
| A, B and C (flat, featureless expanses of the ocean floor, areas that lack terrigenous sediments from land, really flat areas of the ocean floor caused by the smoothing effect of many layers of sediment) |
|
|
Term
| The term "Guyot" refers to: |
|
Definition
| mountains that have had their tops beveled off by ocean waves and currents |
|
|
Term
| Island arcs, such as found near the sea of Japan, are found associated with: |
|
Definition
| oceanic - oceanic plate collisions |
|
|
Term
| In which of the following locations is the oceanic Ridge System exposed at the ocean surface today? |
|
Definition
| A, B and D (Iceland, at the Azores, and Easter Island) |
|
|
Term
| What is the fate of seamounts in the Pacific Ocean? |
|
Definition
| They will be subducted into a subduction zone |
|
|
Term
| What specifically describes the balance between the balance of a seamount floating atop the basaltic oceanic basement material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sediment types indicates that the material has formed from solution in areas of chemical saturation in the sea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the least important factor in determining the type of terrigenous sediment that gets deposited in the sea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sedimentary particles requires the most amount of energy to erode and place into the transporting media? |
|
Definition
| Clay (1/300 mm) sized material |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sedimentary particles requires the least amount of transporting energy for deposition to occur? |
|
Definition
| Granule (4 mm) sized material |
|
|
Term
| Wentworth sorting is based upon ____ of the particle involved. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beach and nearshore sediment tend to be: |
|
Definition
| A, B and C (well sorted, about the same size, about the same shape) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sediment classes is not particularly well controlled by the processes of erosion that occur on land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Turbidite layers, sediment derived largely from terrigenous sources, cover about ___ of the ocean floor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is an abundance of foraminifera shells found in a sediment, it would be categorized as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a main source of terrigenous sediments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is an example of an authigenic sediment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism is likely to be found in siliceous ooze? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes deep ocean sediments? |
|
Definition
| The sediments are poorly sorted due to low energy fluctuations |
|
|
Term
| A deep ocean ooze was discovered near the Antarctic. What type is it likely to be? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sediment is categorized under cosmogenic sediments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause the precipitation of calcium carbonate from the sea? |
|
Definition
| All of the above (evaporation, a decrease in the acidity of seawater, an increase in seawater temperature) |
|
|
Term
| What is the calcium carbonate compensation depth? |
|
Definition
| The depth at which calcium carbonate starts to dissolve |
|
|
Term
| The largest library of deep ocean cores used by researchers to attempt to solve some of the mysteries of our oceanic environment and history are located at: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most productive zone for carbonate sediment production is: |
|
Definition
| the supratidal environment |
|
|
Term
| As pure water approaches its freezing point, the density decreases. Why does this happen? |
|
Definition
| The hydrogen bonds become rigid, allowing it to expand slightly |
|
|
Term
| At what temperature does pure water reach its maximum density? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Latent heat of vaporization for pure water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Latent heat of fusion for pure water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At oceanic salinities of greater than about 25 parts per thousand (PPT): |
|
Definition
| the density of seawater always decreases as temperature increases |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following statements is true? |
|
Definition
| the tropical oceans are getting warmer and more salty |
|
|
Term
| Which water mass is characterized by increasing density with deeper depths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a zone where the divergence of sound waves creates a region that has little sound energy penetration |
|
|
Term
| What effect does temperature and pressure have on the speed of sound when entering seawater? |
|
Definition
| the speed of sound decreases as temperature and pressure decrease |
|
|
Term
| What portion of light is almost completely absorbed and converted to heat within the first few meters of the ocean? |
|
Definition
| red and infrared light waves |
|
|
Term
| The speed of sound in water is about ___ times the speed of sound in air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At about what depth in the sea is the velocity of sound the slowest, and hence also location of the SOFAR channel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would one expect to find the thickest surface layer, also called the Mixed Zone, of ocean water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is sound transmitted through a medium? |
|
Definition
| by rapid pressure changes in a medium |
|
|
Term
| What factor allows for the carbon present in sediments to re-enter back into atmospheric and oceanic cycles? |
|
Definition
| all of the above (geological uplift, acid rain, sediments dissolving) |
|
|
Term
| Why is ice effective at cooling drinks? |
|
Definition
| the latent heat of fusion |
|
|
Term
| What allows water to be a polar molecule? |
|
Definition
| the angular shape of the molecule |
|
|
Term
| What causes an increase in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer? |
|
Definition
| none of the above (the respiration from marine animals and bacteria, they by-products of photosynthesis, there are fewer animals present) |
|
|
Term
| What is NOT a factor on the salinity of a particular region of ocean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does temperature and pessure have on the speed of light when entering seawater? |
|
Definition
| the speed of light decreases as temperature and pressure decrease |
|
|
Term
| What contributes to the high biologic activity and surface nutrients in southern polar waters? |
|
Definition
| A, B, C abover are contributing factors (deep water upwelling, weak stratification, there is a lack of continental margins) |
|
|
Term
| Why is cold water effective at cooling a wetted surface? |
|
Definition
| the heat capacity of water |
|
|
Term
| What is true of heat capacity? |
|
Definition
| It is the measure of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram by one degree C |
|
|
Term
| Why does sound travel rapidly through the lower well-mixed surface layer? |
|
Definition
| temperature and salinity are homogenous |
|
|
Term
| What is the Forchhammer' Principle? |
|
Definition
| the total saturation level of solids in seawater |
|
|
Term
| What type of water mass dissolves the most amount of gases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average length of time an atom spends in the ocean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enhances the ocean's buffering capacity? |
|
Definition
| the amount of dissolved inorganic carbon present |
|
|
Term
| What is the colligative property of osmotic pressure? |
|
Definition
| the pressure exerted on biological membranes from salinity differences outside the cells |
|
|
Term
| Water is able to dissolve ____ due to its polarity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the source of high carbon dioxide levels at middle depths in the sea? |
|
Definition
| the decay of the remains of organism |
|
|
Term
| What element would be surprisingly considered a trace element in the ocean despite its abundance in the atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The level of ____ increases with depth which is a factor in the calcium carbonate compensation depth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to pH levels in regions where there is more carbon dioxide present? |
|
Definition
| the pH levels increase in these regions |
|
|
Term
| Why are some tropical waters unable to sustain life? |
|
Definition
| there is a low level of dissolved oxygen due to temperature |
|
|
Term
| In an area of high animal respiration, the seawater reacts and: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If we add an acid to seawater, the water mass will react and the seawater will: |
|
Definition
| A and C above will occur (become more acidic, calcium carbonate will dissolve) |
|
|
Term
| Global warming, with an accompanying warming of the ocean waters, will result in: |
|
Definition
| A and D above (carbon dioxide becoming less soluble in ocean water, calcium carbonate precipitation) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following substances has the lowest heat capacity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pure water reaches its maximuim density at: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the surface salinity of the ocean the greatest? |
|
Definition
| At about 20 degrees latitude |
|
|
Term
| Where would one expect to find the weakest thermocline? |
|
Definition
| at about 85 degrees north latitude |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of thermoclines? |
|
Definition
| thermoclines are more abrupt in high latitudes |
|
|
Term
| What causes the solar heating of Earth to have seasonal variations? |
|
Definition
| the tilt of the earth's axis from the sun |
|
|
Term
| What is true of the intertropical convergence zone? |
|
Definition
| it is subject to season variations |
|
|
Term
| What moves the water evaporated from the ocean's surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many atmospheric cells are present in each hemisphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extratropical cyclones from between which two types of atmospheric cells? |
|
Definition
| a polar cell and a ferrel cell |
|
|
Term
| What occurs at the boundaries of circulation cells? |
|
Definition
| winds move vertically where the boundaries meet |
|
|
Term
| What usually causes the most loss of life and property during hurricanes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do seasons affect the surface winds? |
|
Definition
| during the northern summer, the surface winds shift to the south |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of the atmospheric circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A sailboat race is from the United States to England. What is the best route to take to take the best advantage of the westerlies? |
|
Definition
| a northern route to take advantage of the westerlies |
|
|
Term
| Where are the most persistent surface winds? |
|
Definition
| Both C and D (easterlies and trades) |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when air is subjected to less pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Horse latitudes at sea correspond to ____ on land. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines the availability of energy in a tropical cyclone (hurricane)? |
|
Definition
| the storm needs to stay over warm water |
|
|
Term
| What is the name given by sailors to the areas where Hadley cells converge? |
|
Definition
| intertropical convergence zone |
|
|
Term
| Adiabatic expansion means that if we increase the pressure on a fluid it will: |
|
Definition
| contract and become warmer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an artifact that while the object is moving in a straight line the Earth is turning below the object in an west to east direction |
|
|
Term
| Living along the coast, one would expect to have light offshore morning breezes, strong afternoon breezes, and as the sun sets the wind would shift to the offshore direction and become much less vigorous, Why is this? |
|
Definition
| in the morning the land is cool but the water is cooler. Hence a mild sea breeze develops as the air over the land warms the area, it rises and is replaced by ocean air masses, in the afternoon the land warms the air rises quickly the off shore replacement winds flows toward the land. in the evening the land cools quickly and the sea heat causes its air to rise which is replace by air from the land hence land breezes blow out to sea |
|
|
Term
| Which side of an oceanic gyre (or boundary current) moves the fastest and has the greatest depth? |
|
Definition
| Western boundary currents |
|
|
Term
| When we measure water flow in currents, we use the term "sverdrup" as an example, the gulf stream more about 55 sverdrup per second. By definition, one Sverdrup is equal to: |
|
Definition
| one million cubic meters of water per second |
|
|
Term
| Most oceanographers define packages of water messes based on their temperature, salinity, and ultimately their density. Which of the following accurately defines one of these water masses? |
|
Definition
| Antarctic Bottom Water - Salinity above 34.5 ppt and temperatures below zero |
|
|
Term
| Windrows (convergent rows of seaweed and other debris in long lines along the ocean surface parallel to the wind direction) are due to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The North Atlantic gyre is composed of several parts of the same major current system, which of the following is not part of this gyre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the northern hempisphere, winds blowing from the north along the west coast causes: |
|
Definition
| Ekman transport to the west and upwelling along the coast |
|
|
Term
| If a strong long term high pressure area is generated in the Pacific rim area, the result is: |
|
Definition
| a reversal in the winds, in that they will flow from the west to the east |
|
|
Term
| Thermohaline flow in the sea is controlled mainly by salinity and temperature of a water mass. which of the following is true? |
|
Definition
| B and C (an increase in surface salinity would increase flow and the melting of the northern ice sheets could plunge europe into an ice age) |
|
|
Term
| What is the restoring force for a wave? |
|
Definition
| the force that returns the water to its calm state |
|
|
Term
| What type of wave is considered a deep water wave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time it takes the wave to move one wavelength |
|
|
Term
| What is considered to be the wave base for a transitional water wave? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows |
|
|
Term
| In which type of ocean wave is the disturbing force a change in atmospheric pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the open ocean, the speed of swell is controlled largely by: |
|
Definition
| water depth and wavelength |
|
|
Term
| What characteristic of waves does not change as the water depth changes? |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the slight forward motion of water in a progressive wave |
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Term
| How fast do wave trains travel in relation to individual waves in that train? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of waves occur at the boundary between two media? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wy does wave refraction occur? |
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Definition
| wave lines approach shore and enter into different depths |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When does a wave begin to interact with the ocean floor? |
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Definition
| when the bottom is shallower than 1/2 the wavelength |
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Term
| Why is a storm surge not considered a progressive wave? |
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Definition
| it is only a crest rather than a whole wave |
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Term
| What occurs when waves hit an obstacle straight on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determines the characteristics of ocean waves? |
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Definition
| wavelength and water depth |
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Term
| What happens when a tsunami approaches the shore? |
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Definition
| A, B and C (its velocity drops rapidly, its period remains the same, its wave height increases) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What drives a storm surge ashore? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sun and moon are aligned in a right angle with Earth at its vortex. What kind of tide would this produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of waves are tides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for tides caused by inertia and the gravitational force of both the sun and the moon? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the moon have more of an impact on tides than the sun? |
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Definition
| the distance of the moon is closer |
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Term
| The west coast of the United States receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day. What kind of tidal pattern is this? |
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Definition
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Term
| The equilibrium theory of the tides: |
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Definition
| does not take into account variable drag forces |
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Term
| The tidal referene level is: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an amphydromic point? |
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Definition
| a location of no tides in an ocean basic around which the tidal crest rotates through one tidal cycle |
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Term
| Which of the following does not influence the time of arrival nor the magnitude of a high tide? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the bay of Fundy: the extreme tides are due to: |
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Definition
| the presence of a tidal bore |
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Term
| The in and out motion of water under the Pelican Island bridge is: |
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Definition
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Term
| When the water is leaving Galveston bay because of astronomical forces, we call this a: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between the height of a tide and the amphydromic point? |
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Definition
| heights increase with distance from the amphydromic point |
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Term
| Due to tractive forces, solar bulges are ____ in comparison to lunar bulges. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some extra factors that are able to be taken into consideration when predicting tides years in advance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a factor that determines the location of a coast? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following coasts are considered erosional? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following will not produce a eustatic change in sea level? |
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Definition
| a change in the elevation of the coast due to isostatic adjustments |
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Term
| A coast containing mangrove forest is generally considered to be: |
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Definition
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Term
| A beach may be defined as: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is not true of the backshore? |
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Definition
| a, b and d (it is relatively inactive zone, it extends to the farthest point that sediment reaches, it can include dunes and grasses) |
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Term
| What is usually the highest point on a beach? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a section of coastline that has a balance of input and output of sand |
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Term
| Which of the following is not consiered part of the coastal system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following processes would not have a major influence on long term global sea level change? |
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Definition
| increase in river sedimentation in the Mississippi delta |
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Term
| Most coastal classification schemes are primarily based upon ____ and secondarily based on ____. |
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Definition
| tectonic processes - local processes |
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Term
| If sea level rises relative to land levels, the result are the formation of drowned river valleys. What is another cause of the formation of these valleys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does a wave depositional terrace occur? |
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Definition
| just offshore of an erosional terrace |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| We experience spring tides: |
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Definition
| both a and b (when the moon is new, when the moon is full) |
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