Term
| 3 categories of police departments |
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Definition
1) line
2) staff
3) auxiliary |
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Term
| 3 categories of police functions |
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Definition
1) law enforcement
2) peacekeeping
3) service |
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Term
| Name and describe the 3 basic styles of policing |
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Definition
1) Legalistic: Emphasized the importance of written procedure
2) Service: Designed to meet community needs & expectations
3) Watchman: Police style for organizational attainment |
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Term
| 5 concepts in police professionalism |
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Definition
1) Clearly defined body of knowledge
2) Code of ethics
3) Ongoing education
4) Uniform standards of excellence
5) Unequivocal service orientation |
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Term
| Describe how both federal and state judges are selected |
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Definition
1) popular election by partisan ballot
2) gubernatorial (presidential) appointment
3) popular election by nonpartisan ballot
4) appointment by legislative election
5) selection through the merit plan |
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Term
| Describe the three levels of the federal and North Carolina judicial system |
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Definition
1) 13 federal district courts
2) 3 higher circuit courts of appeal
3) a supreme court |
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Term
| Name the 6 functions of prosecutors |
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Definition
1) Screening Cases
2) Presenting Cases Before the Grand Jury
3) Conferring with Police About a Defendant’s Right to Due Process
4) Evaluating the Sufficiency of Evidence Against the Accused
5) Conferring with the Defense Counsel
6) Presenting the Case Against the Defendant in Court |
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Term
| Name the 6 functions of defense counsel |
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Definition
1) represent their clients faithfully
2) attack the prosecution’s case vigorously
3) discuss with the defendant the best course of action in a case
4) negotiate with prosecution for a case resolution most favorable to their client
5) vigorously cross-examine prosecution witnesses to attack & undermine their credibility in front of jurors
6) use all legal means to defeat the government’s case |
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Term
| Explain the difference between a jury trial and a bench trial |
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Definition
Jury: Verdict determined by jury
Bench: Verdict determined by judge |
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Term
| Define jails and prisons and name their three basic differences. |
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Definition
Jails:
Made to house short-term offenders.
City/county operated.
Prisons:
Made to house long-term offenders.
State/federally operated. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Providing Societal Protection
2) Punishing Offenders
3) Rehabilitating Offenders
4) Reintegrating Offenders |
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Term
| List and describe 4 styles of prison management |
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Definition
1) Authoritarian: High degree of centralization of power
2) Bureaucratic-Lawful:
3) Shared-Powers: A small degree of decision-making power is extended to inmates
4) Inmate Control: Prisoners form inmate government councils |
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Term
| 6 functions/purposes of sentencing |
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Definition
1) facilitating offender re-integration
2) fostering offender rehabilitation
3) providing offender punishment
4) heightening offender accountability
5) monitoring/supervising clients
6) ensuring public safety |
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Term
| 4 issues in probation/parole |
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Definition
1) Rights of clients supervised by community corrections
2) Legal liabilities of community corrections agencies & employees
3) Use of volunteers & paraprofessionals
4) Privatization of community-based corrections |
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Term
| 5 functions of a probation/parole officer |
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Definition
1) Supervise offenders
2) Conduct routine/random drug/alcohol tests
3) Assist offenders in being reintigrated into communities
4) Direct offenders to proper treatment/counseling
5) Protect community by detecting and reporting program infractions |
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Term
| List and define 6 categories of juveniles |
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Definition
1) Juvenile Delinquent: minor who commits offense that would be a crime if committed by an adult
2) Status Offender: Commits offense that is not considered a crime if committed by an adult
3) Abused: Physical/sexual harm by caretaker
4) Neglected: Guardian unable to provide for child
5) Dependent: Guardian unable to provide for child
6) Children in need of supervision: |
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Term
| List and define 6 stages of juvenile process |
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Definition
1) Referrals and Arrests: citation of juvenile to juvenile court
2) Intake: Screening juveniles who have been charged with offenses
3) Prosecution: Petitions
4) Juvenile courts: Adjudication
5) Optional dispositions for juvenile court judges: Normal, conditional, and custodial |
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Term
| 5 goals of juvenile corrections |
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Definition
1) Deterrence:
2) Rehabilitation & Reintegration
3) Prevention
4) Punishment & Retribution
5) Isolation & control |
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Term
| 5 ways to improve law enforcement |
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Definition
1) Utilize technology
2) Create ethnic/racial diversity in agencies
3) Emphasize multilingual ability
4) Promote greater respect for the law
5) Encourage community involvement |
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Term
| 5 ways to improve prosecutors |
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Definition
1) More selective case screening
2) Improve public accountability via review boards
3) Develop review process for lost cases
4) Mandatory review of plea arguments
5) Remove prosecutor lawsuit immunity |
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Term
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Definition
1) Establish citizen complaint review boards
2) Judges must have formal legal expertise
3) Remove immunity of lawsuits from judges
4) Expand number of judges in different jurisdictions
5) Caseload limitations for judges |
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Term
| 5 ways to improve corrections |
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Definition
1) Education/vocational programming a mandatory part of prison sentence
2) Anger management training for corrections officers
3) Mandatory regular refresher programs for corrections personnel
4) Rigorous selection requirements for prison workers
5) Give inmates an opportunity to work |
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